Endoscopic variceal ligation compared with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Year	Country	No. of cases	EVL mean age (yr)	EIS mean age (yr)	Child-Pugh grade (A/B/C)	Etiology (alcoholic/viral/others)	Complications	Follow-up
Stiegmann et al[12]	1992	United States	129	51 ± 13	53 ± 13	42/62/25	105/-	Esophageal strictures, and other infections	10 mo
Laine et al[15]	1993	United States	77	44 ± 1	48 ± 2	13/46/18	61/0/16	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Hou et al[16]	1995	China	134	60.1 ± 12.1	61.0 ± 11.7	32/50/52	22/90/22	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Lo et al[17]	1995	China	120	57 ± 13	54 ± 12	16/46/58	27/-	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	295 ± 120 d (EIS); 310 ± 105d (EVL)
Baroncini et al[19]	1997	Italy	111	63.0 ± 9.1	61.4 ± 9.8	35/46/30	15/93/3	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Lo et al[20]	1997	China	71	53 ± 15	55 ± 13	5/24/42	20/46/5	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	1 mo
Al Traif et al[27]	1999	Saudi Arabia	60	48.2 ± 3.5	49.4 ± 3.2	22/23/15	1/35/24	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Masci et al[22]	1999	Italy	100	59.5	63.8	33/43/24	-	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Liu et al[28]	1999	China	81	48.2 ± 8.5	50.1 ± 9.1	73/3/5	14/48/19	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
de la Peña et al[29]	1999	Spain	88	59	59	21/44/23	58/21/9	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 wk
Zargar et al[24]	2002	India	49	9.1 ± 2.7	9.5 ± 2.8	-	-	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	3 mo
Ferrari et al[25]	2005	Brazil	46	49.1 ± 13.2	49.3 ± 10.7	17/22/7	22/18/6	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	1 yr
Monici et al[26]	2010	Brazil	70	48.5	47.8	57/13/0	20/24/26	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	1 mo
Luz et al[30]	2011	Brazil	100	54.48	50.24	5/43/35	36/34/30	Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers	6 wk

EVL: Endoscopic variceal ligation; EIS: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy.