Digitally reinforced hematoxylin-eosin polarization technique in diagnosis of rectal amyloidosis

Table 1 Distribution of amyloid types and clinical histories detected with digitally reinforced hematoxylin-eosin polarization and hematoxylin-eosin images among study group cases

Clinical history	Cases identified (n)
	Total	By DRHEP	By DRHEP only	By both DRHEP and HE	By HE	By HE only	By neither technique
AA-type amyloidosis
Ankylosing spondylitis	13	8	6	2	5	2	3
Familial mediterranean fever	13	8	3	5	5	0	5
Rheumatoid arthritis	10	5	4	1	2	1	4
Inflammatory bowel disease	6	5	3	2	2	0	1
Behcet’s disease	3	0	0	0	0	0	3
Tuberculosis	2	2	2	0	0	0	0
Chronic obstructive lung disease	2	2	1	1	1	0	0
Still syndrome	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Reiter syndrome	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Psoriasis	1	0	0	0	0	0	1
TRAPS	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Chronic infection	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Total	54	34	23	11	15	3	17
AL-type amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma	8	7	7	0	0	0	1
Plasma cell dyscrasia	1	1	0	1	1	0	0
Total	9	8	7	1	1	0	1
Amyloidosis-type undetermined
Hereditary amyloidosis1	10	7	3	5	4	1	2
Chronic renal failure	5	3	1	2	2	0	2
Plasma cell dyscrasia	1	1	0	1	1	0	0
Malignancy	4	4	2	2	2	0	0
Unknown causes	17	12	5	6	8	1	4
Total	37	27	11	16	17	2	8
Overall total	100	69	41	28	33	5	26

¹Transthyretin-related amyloidosis mutation was detected in one case. TRAPS: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome; HE: Hematoxylin-eosin; DRHEP: Digitally reinforced hematoxylin-eosin polarization.