Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response

Figure 4 Hepatitis B and C virus infection induces apoptosis in the infected liver tissue. A: Immunofluorescence double-labeling shows co-localization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and cleaved caspase-3 in the HBV infected liver tissue; the image is representative of fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all patients; B: Immunofluorescence double-staining shows co-localization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and cleaved caspase-3 in the HCV infected liver tissue; the image is representative of fluorescence IHC for all patients; C: HBV infection significantly (^aP < 0.001 vs HBV^-) induces apoptosis in the infected hepatocytes compared to non-infected adjacent cells. The graph shows results of the event (HBV infection and cleaved caspase-3) in at least 50 cells counted in four different microscopic fields from each patient’s sample; D: HCV infection significantly (^aP < 0.001 vs HCV^-) induces apoptosis in the infected hepatocytes compared to non-infected adjacent cells. The graph shows results of the event (HCV infection and cleaved caspase-3) in at least 50 cells counted in four different microscopic fields from each patient’s sample.