Hospital type- and volume-outcome relationships in esophageal cancer patients receiving non-surgical treatments

Table 1 Patient characteristics according to hospital type n (%)

Variables	Total	Medical center or not
		Yes	No	P value
Patient number	6106	4180	1926
Hospital number	62	19	43
Sex				0.963
Male	5768 (94.5)	3949 (94.5)	1819 (94.4)
Female	338 (5.5)	231 (5.5)	107 (5.6)
Age (yr)				< 0.001
< 40	189 (3.1)	133 (3.2)	56 (2.9)
40-49	1413 (23.1)	908 (21.7)	505 (26.2)
50-59	2272 (37.1)	1577 (37.7)	695 (36.1)
60-69	1278 (20.9)	915 (21.9)	363 (18.9)
70-79	658 (10.8)	433 (10.4)	225 (11.7)
≥ 80	296 (4.9)	214 (5.1)	82 (4.3)
Tumor length (cm)				0.006
mean ± SD	5.3 ± 3.1	5.4 ± 3.0	5.1 ± 3.2
cT stage				0.009
1	531 (8.7)	340 (8.1)	191 (9.9)
2	838 (13.7)	544 (13.0)	294 (15.3)
3	2994 (49.0)	2086 (49.9)	908 (47.1)
4	1339 (21.9)	901 (21.6)	438 (22.7)
Unknown	404 (6.6)	309 (7.4)	95 (4.9)
cN stage				< 0.001
0	1385 (22.7)	862 (20.6)	523 (27.2)
1/2/3	4488 (73.5)	3141 (75.1)	1347 (69.9)
Unknown	233 (3.8)	177 (4.2)	56 (2.9)
cM stage				0.424
0	4261 (69.8)	2931 (70.1)	1330 (69.1)
1	1731 (28.4)	1167 (27.9)	564 (29.3)
Unknown	114 (1.9)	82 (2.0)	32 (1.7)
Tumor location				< 0.001
Upper third	1445 (23.7)	936 (22.4)	509 (26.4)
Middle third	2152 (35.2)	1390 (33.3)	762 (39.6)
Lower third	1134 (186)	758 (18.1)	376 (19.5)
Unknown	1375 (22.5)	1096 (26.2)	279 (14.5)
Tumor differentiation				< 0.001
Well	150 (2.5)	108 (2.6)	42 (2.2)
Moderate	2759 (45.2)	1781 (42.6)	978 (50.8)
Poorly	1309 (21.4)	916 (21.9)	393 (20.4)
Unknown	1888 (30.9)	1375 (32.9)	513 (26.6)
Treatment modality				0.009
Surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiation	850 (13.9)	610 (14.6)	240 (12.5)
Surgery without neoadjuvant chemoradiation	1301 (21.3)	914 (21.9)	387 (20.1)
No surgery	3955 (64.8)	2656 (63.5)	1299 (67.5)
Hospital volume				< 0.001
Q1-Q2	3137	1504 (36.0)	1633 (84.8)
Q3-Q4	2969	2676 (64.0)	293 (15.2)
Hospital volume				< 0.001
Q1-Q3	4717	2791 (66.8)	1926 (100.0)
Q4	1389	1389 (33.2)	-