Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma using a microwave tissue coagulator: Experience of 1118 cases

Table 3 Perioperative results and postoperative complications

Intraoperative results
Operative time (min)
median (range)	165 (40-685)
mean ± SD	180 ± 77
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)
median (range)	255 (5-58515)
mean ± SD	504 ± 1890
Required Pringle maneuver	200 (18%)
Required intraoperative blood transfusion	300 (26%)
Red blood cell transfusion	88 (9%)
Plasma transfusion	281 (45%)
Postoperative results
Required postoperative blood transfusion	369 (32%)
Red blood cell transfusion	111 (10%)
Plasma transfusion	356 (31%)
Complications
Class II1	120
Class III	72
Class IV	14
Class V	10
Perioperative blood transfusion	438
Surgical wound infection	58
Intra-abdominal fluid collection and/or abscess formation	37
Uncontrollable ascites	36
Bile leakage	33
Pneumonia and/or atelectasis	23
Postoperative bleeding	15
Uncontrollable pleural effusion	14

¹Perioperative blood transfusion was excluded from this category.