Development of a rat model of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatorenal syndrome

Table 1 Serum levels of biochemical indicators and cytokines in rats of each group (mean ± SE)

Group	ALT (IU/L)	BUN (mmol/L)	Cr (μmol/L)	K+ (mmol/L)	Cl- (mmol/L)	Na+ (mmol/L)	TNF-α(pg/mL)	ET-1 (pg/mL)
NS (n = 5)	37.1 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 0.7	71.3 ± 1.9	5.0 ± 0.5	103.4 ± 1.0	140.9 ± 1.5	67.5 ± 8.9	15.9 ± 2.1
G/L-1 h (n = 5)	49.1 ± 2.4c	9.3 ± 1.8ac	69.9 ± 2.6c	6.1 ± 0.7a	108.1 ± 2.1ac	146.0 ± 1.8ac	300.9 ± 78.5	9.9 ± 1.8
G/L-3 h (n = 5)	97.0 ± 19.7c	9.9 ± 0.4ac	59.8 ± 1.7c	6.9 ± 0.6a	105.5 ± 1.5ac	147.4 ± 1.9ac	219.3 ± 100.1	12.5 ± 2.9
G/L-6 h (n = 5)	602.1 ± 188.7c	10.5 ± 0.7ac	74.1 ± 1.6a	5.9 ± 0.6	103.2 ± 2.0c	145.9 ± 0.9c	200.1 ± 56.2	28.9 ± 7.1
G/L-9 h (n = 5)	1858.1 ± 700.9ac	10.0 ± 0.6ac	70.1 ± 1.3ac	5.7 ± 0.5	99.8 ± 1.4c	140.5 ± 1.1c	611.6 ± 186.9	50.1 ± 20.1
G/L-12 h (n = 10)	3389.5 ± 499.5a	13.9 ± 1.3a	78.1 ± 2.9a	6.1 ± 0.5a	90.2 ± 1.9a	130.9 ± 1.9a	1699.1 ± 599.1a	95.9 ± 25.9a
G/L-16 h (n = 10)	3895.5 ± 300.1a	12.3 ± 0.9a	69.1 ± 3.0a	5.4 ± 0.4	89.9 ± 1.3a	141.5 ± 1.1ac	765.3 ± 398.5	73.9 ± 20.6a
G/L-24 h (n = 15)	3223.6 ± 466.1a	8.8 ± 0.6ac	70.9 ± 1.9a	5.8 ± 0.7	98.3 ± 1.5ac	142.0 ± 1.6c	309.1 ± 92.9	30.9 ± 8.1
G-12 h (n = 5)	87.9 ± 15.9c	7.9 ± 0.6ac	57.4 ± 1.8c	5.2 ± 0.5c	97.9 ± 1.4c	142.1 ± 1.5c	78.3 ± 21.0c	21.5 ± 5.1c
L-12 h (n = 5)	48.1 ± 6.3c	8.1 ± 0.5ac	60.7 ± 1.0ac	5.5 ± 0.4ac	97.9 ± 1.9ac	140.9 ± 1.8c	48.9 ± 14.0c	21.9 ± 3.9c

^aP < 0.05 vs NS;

^cP < 0.05 vs GalN/LPS 12 h. D-GalN: D-galactosamine; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; ET-1: Endothelin-1; G: D-GalN; L: LPS; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.