Circulating microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer diagnosis: An update and review

Table 2 Expression levels of circulating miRNAs in gastric cancer tissues and their targeted genes

Circulating miRNA	Expression in the circulation	Expression in tissue	Validated target genes
miR-1	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	MET, Coronin1C, API-5, Slug, PIK3CA, NRF2, CCND2, CXCR4, SDF-1α, TAGLN2
miR-17-5p	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	YES1, STAT3, SMAD7, SOCS6, Beclin1, P21, P130, PCAF, TP53INP1, VDUP1, HBP1, AIB1,
miR-16	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	ABCF2, ABHD10, ACP2, ACTR1A, ACVR2A, ADSS, ALG3, ANAPC16, ARHGDIA, ARL2, ASXL2, ATG9A, AURKB, BCL2, BMI1, BRCA1, C14orf109, C17orf80, C2orf43, C2orf74, C4orf27, C9orf114, C9orf167, C9orf89, CA12, CACNA2D1, CADM1, CAPRIN1, CARD8, CCDC109A, CCDC111, CCDC76, CCND1, CCND3, CCNE1, CCNT2, CDC14B, CDK5RAP1, CDK6, CENPJ, CEP63, CFL2, CHORDC1, CHUK, CREBL2, CRHBP, CSHL1, DNAJB4, ECHDC1, EGFR, EIF4E, EPT1, FAM122C, FAM69A, FGF2, FNDC3B, GALNT7, GFM1, GFPT1, GNL3L, GOLGA5, GOLPH3L, GPAM, GSTM4, GTF2H1, H3F3B, HACE1, HARS, HARS2, HBXIP, HDHD2
			HERC6, HMGA1, HMOX1, HRSP12, HSDL2, HSP90B1, HSPA1A, IFRD1, IFRD2, IGF2R, IPO4, ITGA2, JUN, KCNN4, KPNA3, LAMC1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LUZP1, LYPLA2, MCL1, MLLT11, MMS19, MRPL20, MSH2, MYB, NAA15, NAA25, NAPG, NIPAL2, NOB1, NOTCH2, NPR3, NT5DC1, OMA1, OSGEPL1, PAFAH1B2, PANX1, PDCD4, PDCD6IP, PHKB, PHLDB2, PISD, PLK1, PMS1, PNN, PNPLA6, PPIF, PPM1D, PPP2R5C, PRIM1, PSAT1, PTCD3, PTGS2, PURA, PWWP2A, RAB21, RAB30, RAB9B, RAD51C, RARS, RFT1, RHOT1, RNASEL, RTN4, SEC24A, SERPINE2, SHOC2, SKAP2, SLC12A2, SLC16A3, SLC25A22, SLC35A1, SLC35B3, SLC38A1, SLC38A5, SLC7A1, SPTLC1, SQSTM1, SRPR, SRPRB, TIA1, TMEM109, TMEM43, TNFSF9, TOMM34, TP53, TPI1, TPM3, TPPP3, TXN2, UBE2S, UBE2V1, UBE4A, UGDH, UGP2, UTP15, VEGFA, VPS45, VTI1B, WIPF1, WNT3A, WT1, YIF1B, ZNF384, ZNF559, ZNF622, NFKB1, ZYX
miR-17	Inconsistent direction of expression	Up-regulation	APP, BCL2, BCL2L11, BMPR2, CCL1, CCND1, CCND2, CDKN1A, DNAJC27, E2F1, E2F3, FBXO31, GPR137B, ICAM1, JAK1, MAP3K12, MAPK9, MEF2D, MUC17, MYC, NCOA3, NPAT, OBFC2A, PKD2, PTEN, PTPRO, RB1, RBL1, RBL2, RUNX1, SELE, SMAD4, TGFBR2, THBS1, TNFSF12, VEGFA, WEE1, YES1, ZNFX1, PTEN
miR-18a	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	CCNL1, CSRNP3, CTGF, ESR1, HSF2, NCOA3, NR3C1, PTEN, SMAD4, SPPL3, TGFBR2, THRA, TNFSF11, TSC22D3, ATM
miR-20a	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	APP, BCL2, BMPR2, BNIP2, CCND1, CCND2, CDKN1A, E2F1, E2F3, HIF1A, MAP3K12, MAPK9, MEF2D, MUC17, MYC, NRAS, PTEN, RB1, RBL1, RBL2, RUNX1, SMAD4, TGFBR2, THBS1, VEGFA, WEE1, EGLN3, IRF2, KIT
miR-21	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	ANKRD46, APAF1, BASP1, BCL2, BMPR2, BTG2, CCR1, CDC25A, CDK2AP1, DAXX, DERL1, E2F1, E2F2, EGFR, EIF2S1, EIF4A2, ERBB2, FMOD, HNRNPK, ICAM1, IL1BISCU, JAG1, JMY, LRRFIP1, MARCKS, MEF2C, MSH2, MSH6, MTAP, MYC, NCAPG, NCOA3, NFIB, PCBP1, PDCD4, PDHA2, PLAT, PLOD3, PPIF, PTEN, PTX3, RASA1, RASGRP1, RECK, REST, RHOB, RPS7, RTN4, SERPINB5, SOX5, SPATS2L, SPRY2, TGFBI, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, TGIF1, TIAM1, TIMP3, TM9SF3, TNFAIP3, TOPORS, TP53BP2, TP63, TPM1, WFS1, WIBG, ANP32A, CCL20, DOCK4, DOCK5, DOCK7, DUSP10, NFKB1, PIAS3, PPARA, SMARCA4, SP1, DAPK1, EZH2, MAP2K3, MAPK8, PLXNB1, POU4F2, PTEN, SRGAP1, ING4, XBP1, ACVR2B, WNK1
miR-25	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	BCL2L11, CDKN1C, KAT2B, KLF4, PRMT5, TP53, CCL26, CDH1, WDR4
miR-27a	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	FOXO1, HIPK2, MYT1, PHB, SP1, SP3, SP4, SPRY2, THRB, ZBTB10, APC, FBXW7, IGF1, MMP13, PAX3, WEE1
miR-34a	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	AXIN2, BCL2, BIRC3, CCND1, CCND3, CCNE2, CD44, CDC25A, CDC25C, CDK4, CDK6, CEBPB, DLL1, E2F1, E2F3, E2F5, EMP1, FOXP1, GRM7, HMGA2, HNF4A, IFNB1, JAG1, MAGEA12, MAGEA2, MAGEA3, MAGEA6, MAP2K1, MAP3K9, MDM4, MET, MYB, MYC, MYCN, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, PEA15, SIRT1, SPI1, TNFRSF6B, VAMP2, VEGFA, WNT1, YY1, ZAP70, EPHA5, FOSL1, IMPA1, IMPDH2, MET, NANOG, PDGFRA, SOX2, STX1A, SYT1, ULBP2
miR-92a	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	ARID4B, BMPR2, CPEB2, ESR2, HIPK3, ITGA5, KAT2B, MYLIP, SMAD4, TGFBR2, THBS1, TP63, BCL2L11, CDH1, KLF2
miR-100	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	ATM, EGR2, FGFR3, ID1, MMP13, PLK1, IGF1R
miR-103	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	CCNE1, CDK2, CREB1, DICER1, GPD1, CAV1
miR-106a	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	APP, ARID4B, CDKN1A, E2F1, HIPK3, IL10, MYLIP, RB1, RUNX1, VEGFA, FAS
miR-106b	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	APP, CCND1, CCND2, CDKN1A, E2F1, E2F3, ITCH, KAT2B, MAPK9, PTEN, RB1, RBL1, RBL2, TCEAL1, VEGFA, WEE1, EOMES
miR-107	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	ARNT, BACE1, CCNE1, CDCA4, CDK6, CRKL, DICER1, FBXW7, GRN, HIF1A, MYB, NFIA, PLAG1, RAB1B, VEGFA
miR-146a	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	BRCA1, BRCA2, CCNA2, CD40LG, CDKN1A, CDKN3, CFH, CXCR4, ERBB4, FADD, FAF1, FAS, IL8, IRAK1, IRAK2, KIF22, MTA2, NFKB1, PA2G4, ROCK1, TLR2, TRAF6, EGFR, SMAD4, TLR4
miR-148a	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	CCKBR, DNMT1, DNMT3B, HLA-G, NR1I2, RPS6KA5, TGIF2
miR-192	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	ABCA8, ABCC3, ABCG2, AKAP9, ALCAM, ATP10D, ATXN7, B3GALNT1, BARD1, BCL2, BRD3, C1D, CADM1, CD164, CDC7, CDKN1B, CLIC1, CUL3, CUL5, DDOST, DDX3X, DLG5, DTL, E2F5, EGR1, ENOSF1, ENTPD3, ERCC3, ERLIN2, GOLGA6A, GRIA1, HOXA10, HRH1, HSP90B1, KIDINS220, KIF20B, LMNB2, LOXL2, MAD2L1, MAP3K1, MCM10, MFSD10, MIS12, MSN, ODC1, PANX1, PDE2A, PERP, PIK3R4, PIM1, PRPF38A, PTP4A3, RAB2A, RABGAP1, RACGAP1, RANBP3, RBL2, RRM1, SEMA4D, SEPT10, SETD4, SMARCB1, SPARC, STX7, TFG, TRAPPC2P1, WDR44, WNK1, XPA, ACVR2B, ERCC4, RB1
miR-194	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	CDH2, DNMT3A, EP300, HBEGF, IGF1R, ITGA9, PTPN12, PTPN13, RAC1, SOCS2, ACVR2B, SOX5
miR-196a	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	Annexin A1, HOXB7, HOXB8, NME4, p-JNK, TIMP1, MMP1/9, NFKBIA, IκBα, FOXO1, p27Kip1, NTN4, HOXA5, NOBOX, HOXA9, HOX-C8, HOX-B7, BMP4
miR-199a-3p	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	mTOR, MET, AXL, ZHX1, COX2, NLK, Aurora kinase A, c-Met, LKB1, Caveolin-2, STAT3, CD44, ZNF217, ZEB1
miR-200c	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	ADAM12-L, CYP1B1, Zeb2, Snail1, BMI-1, E2F3, HO-1, ZEB1, ZEB2, UBQLN1, USP25, HMGB1, PTEN, KRAS, VEGFR2, MUC4, MUC16, ERG, DLC1, ATRX, HFE, TUBB3, TRKB, ETS1, FLT1, FHOD1, PPM1F, BRD7, PPP2R1B
miR-210	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	ABCB9, ACVR1B, AIFM3, APC, ATP11C, BDNF, CASP8AP2, CBX1, CDK10, CHD9, CLASP2, CPEB2, DDAH1, E2F3, EFNA3, ELK3, FAM116A, FGFRL1, GPD1L, HECTD1, HOXA1, HOXA3, HOXA9, ISCU, KIAA1161, MDGA1, MIB1, MID1IP1, MNT, MRE11A, NCAM1, NIPBL, NPTX1, P4HB, PIM1, PTAR1, PTPN1, RAD52, SEH1L, SERTAD2, SMCHD1, TNPO1, TP53I11, UBQLN1, XIST, XPA
miR-221	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	BBC3, BMF, BNIP3, CDKN1B, CDKN1C, CORO1A, DDIT4, ESR1, FOS, FOXO3, HOXB5, ICAM1, KIT, NAIP, PTEN, SELE, SSSCA1, TCEAL1, TICAM1, TNFSF10, TP53, DICER1, DIRAS3, ETS1, TIMP3
miR-223	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	CHUK, E2F1, LMO2, MEF2C, NFIA, NFIX, RHOB, STMN1, EPB41L3, FBXW7, IGF1R, SLC2A4
miR-376c	Up-regulation	Null	SMAD4, PC-TP, GRB2, TGFα, ALK5, ALK7, IGF-1R, ALK7
miR-378	Up-regulation	Down-regulation	GALNT7, MYC, NPNT, TOB2, VEGFA
miR-423-5p	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	TFF1
miR-421	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	Caspase-3, Menin, ATM, FOXO4, SERPINE 1, FXR, DPC4/Smad4
miR-451	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	ABCB1, AKT1, BCL2, CAB39, MIF, MMP2, MMP9, SSSCA1, MYC, RAB14
miR-486-5p	Up-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	CD40, Pim-1, ARHGAP5
miR-744	Up-regulation	Null	Zbed4, Lrsam1, Ddx21, AW555464, c-Myc, eEF1A2, TGF-β1, Ccnb1
miR-93	Up-regulation	Up-regulation	CDKN1A, E2F1, ITGB8, KAT2B, MAPK9, TP53INP1, TUSC2, VEGFA, PTEN
miR-195-5p	Down-regulation	Null	CDK4, CDK6, CCNE1, GLUT3
Let-7a	Down-regulation	Inconsistent direction of expression	AMMECR1, APP, BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, CCND2, DICER1, E2F1, E2F2, EGR3, EIF2C4, FOXA1, HMGA1, HMGA2, HNRPDL, HRAS, IGF2, IL6, ITGB3, KRAS, LIN28A, MEIS1, MYC, NEFM, NF2, NFKB1, NKIRAS2, NR1I2, NRAS, PRDM1, RAVER2, SLC20A1, THBS1, TRIM71, TUSC2, UHRF2, VDR, ZFP36L1, CDC34, EWSR1, IGF2BP1, MPL
miR-218	Down-regulation	Down-regulation	ACTN1, BIRC6, CDKN1B, EBP, EFNA1, IKBKB, LAMB3, LASP1, MAFG, MBNL2, MRPS27, NACC1, NFE2L1, NUP93, SP1, STAM2, VOPP1, BIRC5, GJA1, RICTOR, ROBO1
miR-375	Down-regulation	Down-regulation	ELAVL4, JAK2, MTDH, PDK1, PLAG1, RASD1, TIMM8A, YAP1, YY1AP1
miR-122	Down-regulation	Null	DLX4, Cyclin G1, MEF2D, TRAIL, PKM2, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT3, PI3K/Akt, c-Myc, CAT1, PBF, IGF1R, p53, ALDOA, ARHGAP1, BCAT2, CS, GNPDA2, IQGAP1, LAMC1, LMNB2, MTHFD2