Prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients treated with artificial liver support system

Table 1 Patient baseline demographics and the treatment n (%)

Variable	Derivation cohort	Validation cohort	P value
	(n = 113)	(n = 68)
Age (yr)	44.6 (22-81)	46.1 (20-79)	0.529
Men	94 (83)	52 (76)	0.268
Etiology of liver failure
HBV	64 (56.6)	40 (59)	0.773
HBV + HEV	36 (31.9)	18 (26)	0.443
Other causes1	13 (11.5)	10 (15)	0.531
MELD score	24 (12-44)	26 (13-46)	0.659
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	24.8 (5.9-51.8)	23.1 (5.7-50.1)	0.841
ALT (IU/mL)	262 (12-1757)	211 (23-1519)	0.169
AST (IU/mL)	232 (17-1634)	206 (20-1301)	0.326
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.3-6.8)	1.0 (0.3-7.1)	0.533
INR	2.4 (0.8-11.4)	2.6 (1.0-16.1)	0.285
Cirrhosis	58 (51.3)	45 (66.2)	0.051
Number of complications
1	57 (50.4)	39 (57.4)	0.367
2	27 (23.9)	13 (19.1)	0.453
3	20 (17.7)	10 (14.7)	0.600
4	8 (7.1)	4 (5.9)	0.996
5	1 (0.9)	2 (2.9)	0.654
Type of ALSS
PE	54 (47.8)	33 (48.5)	0.923
PE + PBA	59 (52.2)	35 (51.5)	0.923

¹Includes alcohol combined with drugs; autoimmune combined with drugs; schistosome combined with alcohol. Number (proportion) or median (interquartile range) are shown. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HEV: Hepatitis E virus; MELD: The model for end stage liver disease; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; INR: International normalized ratio; ALSS: Artificial liver support system; PE: Plasma exchange; PBA: Plasma bilirubin adsorption.