Esophageal cancer: Risk factors, screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7933

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2015; 21(26): 7933-7943
Published online Jul 14, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7933

Table 1 Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Risk factor	Squamous cell carcinoma	Adenocarcinoma
Geography	Southeastern Africa, Asia, Iran, South America	Western Europe, North America (United States), Australia
Race	Black > White	White > Black
Gender	Male > Female	Male > Female
Alcohol	++++	-
Tobacco	++++	++
Obesity	-	+++
GERD	-	++++
Diet: Low fruits and vegetables	++	+
Socioeconomic conditions	++	-
Genetic aspects	++	+

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; +: Associated risk; -: No risk associated. Modified from[4].

Citation: Domper Arnal MJ, Ferrández Arenas &, Lanas Arbeloa &. Esophageal cancer: Risk factors, screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(26): 7933-7943
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i26/7933.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7933