Risk factors causing structural sequelae after anastomotic leakage in mid to low rectal cancer

Table 2 Univariate analysis of differences between the sequelae and no sequelae groups (n = 73) n (%)

				95%CI
	Sequelae1	No sequelae	OR	Lower	Upper	P value
Age, median (yr)	62	55.5				0.037
> 65	11 (37.9)	14 (31.8)	1.459	0.557	3.819	0.442
Gender
Male	21 (72.4)	30 (68.2)	1.148	0.411	3.212	0.792
BMI, mean	23.99	24.25				0.748
ASA score
I	11	20
II/III	18	24	1.259	0.487	3.255	0.635
Operation time, mean (min)	284.49	260.74				0.205
Ileostomy	21 (72.4)	20 (45.5)	3.412	1.254	9.290	0.016
LNM, mean	1.1	1.3				0.698
RLN, mean	22.1	23.6				0.681
Stage
0/I/II	22 (75.9)	22 (50.0)
III/IV	7 (24.1)	22 (50.0)	0.318	0.114	0.890	0.029
Tumor location, median (centimeters from AV)	5	5.5				0.144
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy	9 (31.0)	8 (18.2)	2.137	0.715	6.393	0.174
Surgical method						0.080
Conventional	0	3 (6.9)
Laparoscopic	14 (48.3)	27 (61.4)
Robotic	13 (44.8)	14 (31.8)
Conversion	2 (6.9)	0
Anastomosis						0.726
Hand-sewn	3 (10.3)	6 (13.6)
Stapling	26 (89.7)	38 (86.4)
Anastomosis type						0.766
End-to-end	26 (89.7)	39 (88.6)
End-to-side	2 (6.9)	2 (4.5)
Colonic J-pouch	1 (3.4)	3 (6.9)
Mechanical bowel preparation
Yes	20 (69.0)	34 (77.3)
No	9 (31.0)	10 (22.7)	0.784	0.281	2.187	0.642
Initial AL management						0.512
Conservative	12 (41.4)	20 (45.5)
PAD	7 (24.1)	9 (20.5)
Diversion only	4 (13.8)	10 (22.7)
Primary repair + diversion	0	1 (2.3)
Surgical irrigation + drainage	6 (20.7)	4 (9.1)
Transfusion	8 (27.6)	4 (9.1)	3.810	1.027	14.137	0.046
Leakage (d)	5.7	4.2				0.054
Hospital stay (d)	48.9	20.9				0.001
Days to start diet (d)	6.3	5.7				0.665
Antibiotics use (d)	25.3	15.0				0.001
ICU transfer	3 (10.3)	3 (6.9)	1.212	0.251	5.852	0.811
Multi-organ failure	3 (10.3)	2 (4.3)	2.538	0.398	16.204	0.325
Postoperative ileus	5 (17.2)	4 (8.7)	2.197	0.536	8.935	0.276

¹Patients who had structural sequelae after leakage, includes patients with anastomosis fistula, sinus, or stricture. Data are expressed as n (%), mean or median. BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; RLN: Retrieved lymph nodes; AV: Anal verge; PAD: Percutaneous abscess drainage; AL: Anastomotic leakage; ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio.