Long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic vs open surgery for stages II and III rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Operative and pathological outcomes

	LRR (n = 152)	ORR (n = 254)	P value
Surgical procedure			0.001
Anterior resection	124 (81.6)	168 (66.1)
Abdominoperineal resection	28 (18.4)	86 (33.9)
Protective ileostomy	32 (21.1)	49 (19.3)	0.701
Operating time1, min	188.9 (67.7)	188.7 (65.4)	0.982
Estimated blood loss2, mL	50 (20-1500)	200 (60-3000)	< 0.001
Blood transfusion	7 (4.6)	30 (11.8)	0.019
Conversion, n (%)	7 (4.6)
Resection margin involvement			0.809
R0	144 (94.7)	243 (95.7)
R1	8 (5.3)	11 (4.3)
Proximal resection margin1, cm	11.2 (3.4)	11.7 (3.6)	0.148
Distal resection margin1, cm	3.1 (1.7)	3.0 (1.5)	0.182
No. of lymph nodes harvested1	12.9 (6.1)	12.2 (6.2)	0.240
No. of metastatic lymph nodes	1.7 (2.9)	1.8 (3.3)	0.760
Tumor size, cm	3.9 (1.2)	4.0 (1.1)	0.425

¹Values are mean ± SD;

²Values are median (range).