Case of arterial hemorrhage after endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation for choledocholithiases using a covered self-expandable metallic stent

Table 1 Reported studies of endoscopic hemostasis using covered self-expandable metallic stents for severe post- sphincterotomy bleeding

Ref.	No. of Patients	Previous attempted treatments	SEMS type, diameter × length (mm)	Rate of complete hemostasis	The mean duration of SEMS placement
Canena et al[3] (2013)	4	Endoclips: 1 case	Fully covered type Hanarostent1 or Niti-S2 or Wallflex3,	100%	7.5 d
		Epinephrine injection: 4 cases
		Balloon tamponade: 2 cases	10 × 40: 1 case
			10 × 60: 3 cases
Itoi et al[5] (2011)	11	Endoclips: 7 cases	Covered type	100%	8.2 d
		Epinephrine injection: 9 cases	Wallstent4: 8 cases
		Balloon tamponade: 11 cases	Wallflex: 2 cases
			Niti-S: 1 case
			10 × 60
Shah et al[6] (2010)	5	Endoclips: 1 case	Fully covered Wallflex,	100%	4-5 wk
		Epinephrine injection: 2 cases	10 × 40: 2 cases
		Thermal coagulation: 1 case	10 × 60: 2 cases
		IVR embolization: 1 case	8 × 60: 1 case
		Balloon tamponade: 1case
Di Pisa et al[7] (2010)	2	Endoclips: 1 case	Partially covered type Wallstent,	100%	3 wk
		Epinephrine injection: 2 cases	10 × 40
		Balloon tamponade: 2 cases

¹Hanarostent (M.I. Tech, Seoul, South Korea);

²Niti-S (Taewoong Medical, Seoul, South Korea);

³Wallflex (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, United States);

⁴Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, United States). SEMS: Self-expandable metallic stent; IVR: Interventional radiology.