Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2015; 21(14): 4195-4209
Published online Apr 14, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4195
Figure 1
Figure 1 Hydrogen-rich water leads to an obvious enhancement in the survival and decrease in the liver injury after acetaminophen challenge. A: Kaplan-Meier survival curve for mice in three groups in 5 d after a single, lethal dose of 750 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) [normal saline (NS) control or hydrogen-rich water (HRW) control groups, n = 5; APAP + NS or APAP + HRW groups, n = 15]; B: Liver tissues were harvested 3 d after a sub-lethal dose of 500 mg/kg APAP. The liver index was used to evaluate the liver injury and it was decreased by HRW administration (n = 6, mean ± SD, aP < 0.05 vs NS control group, bP < 0.05 vs HRW control group, and cP < 0.05 vs APAP + NS group; C: Percent necrosis of mice in different groups (n = 6, mean ± SD, aP < 0.05 vs NS control group, bP < 0.05 vs HRW control group, and cP < 0.05, vs APAP + NS group); D: The representative appearance of livers and HE staining of murine liver sections. Decreased liver hemorrhaging, necrosis, and acute inflammation were observed in the HRW treated mice; E: After a sub-lethal dose of 500 mg/kg APAP administration, blood samples were harvested by tail cutting at 24 and 48 h and eyeball removal at 72 h. Serum was separated by centrifugation from blood to evaluate the liver function. Total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 24, 48 and 72 h were reduced with HRW treatment (n = 6, mean ± SD, aP < 0.05 vs NS control group; bP < 0.05 vs HRW control group; and cP < 0.05 vs APAP + NS group). ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.