Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms

Table 3 Univariate analysis for risk factors of delayed bleeding n (%)

Variable	Delayed bleeding	Non-bleeding	P value
Number of patients	14	303
Number of lesions	14	311
Patient-related factors
Median age (yr) (range)	68 (29-79)	67 (31-86)	0.871
Gender (male/female)	7/6	175/124	> 0.999
Comorbidities
Hypertension	5 (35.7)	103 (33.1)	> 0.999
Diabetes mellitus	1 (7.1)	34 (10.9)	> 0.999
Hyperlipidemia	2 (14.3)	52 (16.7)	> 0.999
Cardiovascular disease	1 (7.1)	17 (5.5)	0.557
Use of antithrombotic drugs	1 (7.1)	27 (8.7)	> 0.999
Use of intravenous heparin	0 (0)	6 (1.9)	> 0.999
Lesion related factors
Mean size of tumor (mm) (range)	40.9 (20-70)	33.8 (7-115)	0.070
Mean size of specimen (mm) (range)	45.4 (20-75)	38.4 (8-120)	0.142
Location			0.042
Cecum	4 (28.6)	19 (6.1)
Ascending colon	3 (21.4)	55 (17.7)
Transverse colon	2 (14.3)	49 (15.8)
Descending colon	0 (0)	12 (3.9)
Sigmoid colon	1 (7.1)	58 (18.6)
Rectum	4 (28.6)	118 (37.9)
Morphology			0.897
Protruded	1 (7.1)	30 (9.6)
Depressed	0 (0)	4 (1.3)
LST-G	9 (64.3)	171 (55.0)
LST-NG	4 (28.6)	106 (34.1)
Histology and depth			0.312
Serrated lesion	0 (0)	5 (1.6)
Adenoma	2 (14.3)	24 (7.7)
M	8 (57.1)	241 (77.5)
SM < 1000 μm	3 (21.4)	24 (7.7)
SM ≥ 1000 μm	1 (7.1)	17 (5.5)
Treatment-related factors
Device used
Needle type1/scissor type2	12/2	280/31	0.642
Mean procedure time (min) (range)	90.4 (20-180)	101.5 (10-630)	0.965
Significant bleeding during ESD	2 (14.3)	4 (1.3)	0.024

¹Including Flush knife, Dual knife, Hook knife, and B knife;

²SB knife Jr. LST-G: Laterally spreading tumor granular type; LST-NG: Laterally spreading tumor nongranular type; M: Intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma; SM < 1000 μm, submucosal, minutely invasive adenocarcinoma; SM ≥ 1000 μm, submucosal, deeply invasive adenocarcinoma; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.