Role of prophylactic antibiotics in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding

Table 1 Summary of studies on antibiotics used in cirrhotics with acute variceal bleeding

Ref.	Year	Sample size, with antibioticsvs control group (total)	Type of antibiotic (s)vs control group	Infection rate in those with antibioticsvs control group
Rimola et al[26]	1985	68 vs 72 (140)	Gentamicin + vancomycin + nystatin	16.2% vs 34.7%
			Or neomycin + colistin + nystatin vs without antibiotic
Soriano et al[27]	1992	60 vs 59 (119)	Norfloxacin 400 mg po q12h vs no antibiotic	10% vs 37.2%
Rolando et al[29]	1993	107 vs 88 sessions	Imipenem-cilastatin 500 mg iv at sedation, further 500 mg 6 h after sclerotherapy vs dextrose-saline	1.1% vs 5.61%
Selby et al[30]	1994	19 vs 20 (39)	Cefotaxime 1 g iv before sclerotherapy vs no antibiotic	5.3% vs 31.6%
Pauwels et al[28]	1996	34 vs 30 (64)	Amoxicillin-clavulanic 1 g/200 mg iv q8h followed by ciprofloxacin 200 mg po q12h for 3 d after cessation of bleeding vs no antibiotics (high risk group)	13.3% vs 52.9%
Hsieh et al[18]	1998	120 vs 60 (180)	Ciprofloxacin 500 mg iv q12h vs without antibiotic	10% vs 45%
Hou et al[11]	2004	59 vs 61 (120)	Ofloxacin 200 mg iv q12h 2 d followed by ofloxacin 200 mg po q12h 5 d vs without antibiotic	3.4% vs 26.2%
Fernández et al[34]	2006	61 vs 63 (124)	Ceftriaxone 1 g iv od 7 d vs norfloxacin 400 mg po q12h 7 d	2% vs 12%
Jun et al[36]	2006	62 vs 58 (120)	Cefotaxime 2 g iv q8h 7 d vs on-demand quinolone	3.2% vs 15.5%
Wu et al[38]	2013	Child-Pugh A: 51; Child-Pugh B + C: 51 (102)	Cefazolin 1 g iv q8h 2-7 d vs ceftriaxone 1 g q12h 2-7 d	6.9% vs 9.11% (Child-Pugh A) 22.2% vs 12.5% (Child-Pugh B + C)

¹P value not significant (> 0.05).