Toll-like receptor signaling in colorectal cancer: Carcinogenesis to cancer therapy

Table 1 Toll-like receptor functions in disease and cancer

TLR	Disease	Function
TLRs	Autoimmune disease	Microbe-host interactions and innate immunity
TLRs	Infectious disease	Activating canonical and non-canonical pathways of inflammation
TLRs	Cancer (CRC, HCC, etc)	Carcinogenesis
TLRs	Allergic diseases	Primary sensors of PAMPs, DAMPs and stress signals associated with allergen exposure
TLRs	Tuberculosis	Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TLRs	Systemic inflammatory response syndrome	Development of syndrome
TLR2/TLR4	Atherosclerosis	Development of disease
TLR4	NEC	Development of intestinal barrier failure
TLR4	Alcohol-induced liver injury	Activation of Kupffer cells
TLR9	NASH	Development of disease
TLR9	Cancer	Angiogenesis

TLR: Toll-like receptor; CRC: Colorectal cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs: Danger associated molecular patterns; NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.