Pharmacologic therapy for acute pancreatitis

Table 1 Summary of pharmacologic agents studied in experimental acute pancreatitis

Pharmacologic agent	Animal model		Outcome assessment	Citations
	Species name	Mechanism of pancreatitis induction
Anti-secretory agents
Glucagon	Dog	Duodenal obstruction, pancreatic duct infusion of lactated ringer solution or pancreatic duct infusion of bile-trypsin solution	Not beneficial when compared to simple volume resuscitation	[15]
	Pig	Hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by bile injection into pancreatic duct	Reduced mortality	[16]
Somatostatin	Rat	Taurocholate	No decrease in mortality	[21, 22]
Protease inhibitors
Aprotinin	Dog	Hemorrhagic pancreatitis surgically induced	Prophylactic and therapeutic potential	[17-19]
Chlorophyll-a	Guinea pig	Taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis	Benefit in survival	[25-27]
Anti-inflammatory/immunomodulators
PGE therapy	Rat, mice	Taurocholate, CDE diet, or caerulein	Protective effect	[29-31]
Indomethacin	Rat	Olive oil or taurocholate	Beneficial particularly early in induction	[32-34]
Lipoxygenase inhibitor	Rat	Taurocholic acid	Protective effect	[35]
Steroid	Rat	Caerulein and taurocholate	Decreased inflammation and protective	[37-43]
IL-10	Rat, mice	Caerulein	Reduction in severity of disease	[44, 48-50]
Lexipafant	Rat, mice	Intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate or caerulein	Reduction in severity, SIRS, and bacterial translocation	[46, 47]
Hemin/panhematin/ biliverdin/CO/IL-22	Rat, mice	caerulein, taurocholate, or CDE diet	Protective and therapeutic effects	[61-67]
Anti-TNF alpha	Mice	caerulein, taurocholate, or CDE diet	Decreased inflammatory response and cell death	[72-75]
Anti-oxidants
Tempol	Mice	carrageenan injected into pleural cavity	Decrease in inflammation and shock	[54]
Selenium	Rat	L-arginine hydrochloride	Reduction in pancreatic injury	[53, 145]

CO: Carbon monoxide; PGE: Prostaglandin E1; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor α; CDE: Choline deficient ethionine-supplemented.