Predictors of recurrence of Crohn’s disease after ileocolectomy: A review

Table 5 Effect of smoking on postoperative recurrence

Association	Number and type of patients	Ref.
Recurrent clinical symptoms (OR = 2.96)	59 patients post colonic resection for CD (not only ileocolectomies)	Kane et al[22]
Shorter duration to clinical relapse (104 wk shorter)
Recurrent clinical symptoms (worse CDAI scores)	182 post colonic resection for CD (not only ileocolectomies)	Cottone et al[23]
Increased rates of endoscopic recurrence
Increased likelihood of requiring surgery
Smoking at the time of the 1st ileocolectomy conferred a 2.1 fold increased likelihood of requiring another operation	176 post ileocolectomy patients with at least 1 recurrence	Unkart et al[21]
OR of 2.2 for clinical recurrence	Meta-analysis of 16 studies, 2962 patients	Reese et al[24]
Increased risk of surgical recurrence particularly at 10 years (OR = 2.6)
Smokers had a lower 5 and 10-yr recurrence free likelihood (65 and 45% vs 81 and 64% in nonsmokers)	141 ileocolectomy patients	Yamamoto and Keighley[26]
Recurrence free rates were lower in those that smoked > 15 cigarettes per day
Patients that quit smoking are less likely to require redo ileocolectomy	266	Ryan et al[25]
No association with recurrence	89 lap ileocolectomy patients	Malireddy et al[17]
No association with clinical or surgical recurrence	83	Aratari[27]
No association with clinical or endoscopic recurrence	43 resections (30 = Ileocolectomies)	Sorrentino[28]

CD: Crohn’s disease; CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity score.