Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: Current immediate clinical and oncological outcomes

Table 3 Use of robotics in rectal cancer surgery - immediate oncological outcomes

Ref.	Type of procedure	Number of patients	Positivity of circumferential resection margin (%)	Distal resectionmargins, cm	Mean/median number of lymph nodes harvested
Hellan et al[28]	RTME	39	0	2.6 (0.4-7.5)	13 (7-28)
Choi et al[29]	RTME	13	0	4.7 ± 1.8	24.6 ± 16.7
Choi et al[19]	RTME	50	2	1.9 ± 1.1	20.6 ± 10
Ng et al[30]	RTME	8	0	> 2	15 (2-26)
deSouza et al[31]	RTME	44	0	NA	14 (5-45)
Pigazzi et al[32]	RTME	143	0.7	2.9 ± 1.8	14.1 (1-39)
Baek et al[33]	RTME	64	0	3.4 (0.2-10)	14.5 (3-28)
Zimmern et al[34]	RTME	58	NA	NA	11.8-15.3
Kang et al[20]	RTME	389	3.6	NA	15.7 ± 10
Koh et al[35]	RTME	19	5.3	0.8-1	17.8 ± 7.1
Leong et al[21]	RTME	29	6.8	0.8 (0-4)	16 (1-44)
Marecik et al[36]	RTME	5	0	-1	12.4
Alimoglu et al[24]	RTME	7	0	-1	16 (14-21)
Kang et al[37]	RTME	6	0	-1	20 (7-58)
Karahasanoglu et al[38]	RTME	30	0	4 (2-8)	15 (3-38)
Park et al[39]	RTME	30	0	NA	20 (14-25)
Du et al[40]	RTME	22	0	2.6 (1-5.5)	14.3 (8-27)
Pigazzi et al[41]	RTME	6	NA	3.8 (1.8-9)	14 (9-28)
	LTME	6	NA	3.5 (2.2-5)	17 (9-39)
Baik et al[18]	RTME	18	NA	4.0 ± 1.1	18 (6-49)
	LTME	18	NA	3.7 ± 1.1	22 (9-42)
Patriti et al[42]	RTME	29	0	2.1 ± 0.9	10.3 ± 4
	LTME	37	0	4.5 ± 7.2	11.2 ± 5
Baik et al[43]	RTME	56	7.2	4 (1-7)	17.5 (4-43)
	LTME	57	8.8	3 (1-9)	17 (4-53)
Bianchi et al[22]	RTME	25	0	2 (1.5-4.5)	18 (7-34)
	LTME	25	4	2 (1.8-3.5)	17 (8-37)
Popescu et al[44]	RTME	38	NA	Negative	11.7 ± 3.8
	LTME	84	NA	Negative	11.1 ± 3.2
Kim et al[23]	RTME	100	3	2.7 ± 1.9	14.7 ± 9.7
	LTME	100	2	2.6 ± 1.8	16.6 ± 9.1
Park et al[45]	RTME	41	1.2	2.1 ± 1.4	17.3 ± 7.7
	LTME	82	7.3	2.3 ± 1.5	14.2 ± 8.9
Park et al[46]	RTME	52	1.9	2.8 ± 1.9	19.4 ± 10.2
	LTME	123	2.4	3.2 ± 2.1	15.9 ± 10.1
Baek et al[47]	RTME	41	4.9	3.6 (0.4-10)	13.1 (3-33)
	LTME	41	2.4	3.8 (0.4-11)	16.2 (3-33)
Kwak [48]	RTME	59	1.7	2.2 (1.5-3)	20 (12-27)
	LTME	59	0	2 (1.2-3.5)	21 (14-28)
Kim et al[25]	RTME	100	1	2.7 ± 1.72	20 ± 6.9
	OTME	100	1	1.9 ± 1.32	19.6 ± 8.5
Park et al[49]	RTME	40	7.5	1.4 ± 0.9	12.9 ± 7.5
	LTME	40	5	1.3 ± 0.9	13.3 ± 8.6
Kang et al[26]	RTME	165	4.22	1.9 ± 1.4	15 ± 9.4
	LTME	165	6.72	2 ± 1.4	15.6 ± 9.1
	OTME	165	10.32	2.2 ± 1.7	17.4 ± 10.9
D’Annibale et al[27]	RTME	50	02	3 (2-7)	16.5 (11-44)
	LTME	50	122	3 (1-6)	13.8 (4-29)

¹Abdominoperineal resections only;

²The original publication as statistically significant (P < 0.05). RTME: Robotic total mesorectal excision; LTME: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision; RPME: Robotic partial mesorectal excision; OTME: Open total mesorectal excision; NA: Not available.