Gastric cancer: Prevention, screening and early diagnosis

Table 4 Studies evaluatingthe horizontal extent (DL) of early gastric cancer on flexible spectral imaging color enhancement

Ref.	Endoscopic technique	Aim of the study	Results
Jung et al[170]	FIME vs WLME	Discrimination of non-neoplastic lesion, adenoma, and cancer of the stomach	The proportion of agreement and the degree of agreement between endoscopic and pathological diagnosis by WLME were 0.85 and 0.76, respectively, and those by FIME were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively
Mouri et al[171]	FICE vs WLE	78 differentiated, 22 undifferentiated EGC were analyzed before an endoscopic or surgical resection	The score of the FICE observation improved in 46 cases (46%), was unchanged in 54 cases (54%), and decreased in no cases (0%)
Tanioka et al[172]	FICE with ultraslim endoscopy vs WLE	Endoscopy focusing on the enhanced contrast between tumor and non-tumor lesions	Visibility with FICE was superior to WLE in 54% of the observations and comparable to WLE in 46% of the observations
Osawa et al[173]	small-caliber FICE vs WLE	Evaluate median color differences between malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa	Greater median color differences were present in FICE images compared with WLE, resulting in images with better contrast (27.2 vs 18.7, P < 0.0001)
Osawa et al[174]	OBI(without magnification and with 40-fold magnification) vs WLE	Delineating the depressed-type EGC	DL of the depressed-type EGC was easily identified by OBI without magnification in 26 of 27 cases (96%)
Yoshizawa et al[175]	OBI vs WLE	The identification of the DLs of an elevated-type EGC without Magnification and the rate of success in identifying the abnormal surface structure of GC by using low-magnified OBI images	DLs were easily identified in OBI images, even without magnification
Jung et al[170]	FIME vs WLME	The discrimination of non-neoplastic lesion, adenoma, and cancer of the stomach	The proportion of agreement and the degree of agreement between endoscopic and pathological diagnosis by WLME were 0.85 and 0.76, respectively, and those by FIME were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively
Dohi et al[176]	I-FICE vs WLE, FICE and CE	To evaluate the usefulness of I-FICE in EGC demarcation	The median ranking score for I-FICE images was significantly higher than that obtained from the other methods

FIME: Magnifying endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement system; WLME: White light magnifying endoscopy; FICE: Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement; OBI: Optimal band imaging; DL: Demarcation line I-FICE- FICE with indigo carmine; CE: Chromoendoscopy (indigo carmine).