Immune evasion strategies used by Helicobacter pylori

Figure 2 Helicobacter pylori mediated downregulation of B7-H2 on gastric epithelial cell inhibits Th17 cell development and facilitates bacterial persistence. Helicobacter pylori T4SS interacts with host receptor integrin α5β1 and translocate effector protein CagA. CagA activates mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway and downregulates T cell co-stimulatory molecule B7-H2 expression on GEC. Decreased B7-H2/ICOS signaling further inhibits Th17 cell development from naïve CD4⁺ T cells and Th17 cell mediated bacterial clearance.