Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatments: Are we getting evidence based - a systematic review

Table 12 Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial placement n (%)

Ref.	Design	Indications	Techniques	Technical success	Needle	Complications
Pishvaian et al[215]	PS	Abdominal/mediastinal cancer (n = 13)	Fiducial placement	11/13 (84.6)	19 Gauge	1 infection
Varadarajulu et al[222]	RS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 9)	Fiducial placement	9/9 (100)	NR	None
DiMaio et al[223]	RS	Abdominal/mediastinal cancer (n = 30)	Fiducial placement	29/30 (97)	22 Gauge	None
Sanders et al[217]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 51)	Fiducial placement	46/51 (90)	19 Gauge	1 mild pancreatitis
Park et al[216]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 57)	Fiducial placement	50/57 (88)	19 Gauge	None
Ammar et al[224]	RS	Abdominal cancer/lymph nodes (n = 13)	Single fiducial marker	9/9 trans-gastric	22 Gauge	None
				4/4 trans-duodenal
Varadarajulu et al[225]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 2)	Fiducial placement	2/2 (100)	19 Gauge flexible	None
Khashab et al[218]	RS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 39)	Fiducial placement (traditional vs coiled)	39/39 (100)	19 and 22 Gauge	None
Law et al[226]	RS	Small pancreatic NET (n = 2)	Fiducial placement	2/2 (100)	22 Gauge	None
Majumder et al[219]	RS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 39)	Fiducial placement	35/39 (89.7)	19 Gauge	1 mild pancreatitis
						4 abdominal pain
Yang et al[220]	RS	Prostate cancer (n = 16)	Fiducial placement	16/16 (100)	19 Gauge	None
Yang et al[221]	RS	Prostate cancer recurrence (n = 6)	Fiducial placement	6/6 (100)	19 Gauge	None
Trevino et al[227]	RS	Rectal cancer (n = 1)	Fiducial placement	3/3 (100)	19 Gauge (forward-view EUS)	None
Total	13 studies	278	-	100% (84.6%-100%)	-	0%

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PS: Prospective study; RS: Retrospective study; NR: Not reported; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor: