Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatments: Are we getting evidence based - a systematic review

Table 10 Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol injection of abdominal solid and cystic tumors

Ref.	Design	Indications	Lesion size (mm)	Techniques	Clinical success	Complications
Gan et al[187]	PS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 25)	6-30	Ethanol	35%	None
Oh et al[185]	PS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 14)	17-52	Ethanol and paclitaxel	79%	1 acute pancreatitis
						6 hyperamylasemia
						1 abdominal pain
Oh et al[182]	PS	Septated pancreas cysts (n = 10)	20-68	Ethanol and paclitaxel	60%	1 acute pancreatitis
DeWitt et al[183]	RCT	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 42)	10-58	Ethanol vs saline	33%	1 acute pancreatitis
						5 abdominal pain
						1 cystic bleeding
DeWitt et al[184]	PS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 12)	10-50	Ethanol	75% at follow-up	-
Oh et al[186]	PS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 52)	17-68	Ethanol and paclitaxel	62%	1 acute pancreatitis
						1 abdominal pain
						1 fever
						1 splenic vein thrombosis
DiMaio et al[189]	RS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 13)	20.1 ± 7.1	Ethanol (single/multi)	38%	1 abdominal pain
Oh et al[190]	RS	Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 1)	5.2	Ethanol 99% 28 mL + paclitaxel	Failure, underwent surgery	Portal vein thrombosis
Jurgensen et al[192]	RS	Pancreatic NET (n = 1)	13	Ethanol 95% 8 mL	Complete remission	Pain + lipase increase
Muscatiello et al[193]	RS	Pancreatic NET (n = 1)	11 and 7	Ethanol 40% 2 mL	No recurrence at 18 mo	Small pancreatic necrosis
Deprez et al[194]	RS	Pancreatic NET (n = 1)	13	Ethanol 98% 3.5 mL	Complete remission	Hematoma and duodenal ulcer
Vleggaar et al[195]	RS	Pancreatic NET (n = 1)	10	Ethanol 96% 0.3 mL	Asymptomatic at 6 mo	None
Levy et al[191]	RS	Pancreatic NET (n = 5)	8-21	Ethanol 95-99% 0.1-3 mL	60% symptoms resolution	None
Barclay et al[196]	RS	Solid Hepatic Metastasis (n = 1)	33	Ethanol 98% 6 mL	Good condition at 5.5 yr	Liver hematoma
Gunter et al[197]	RS	GI stromal tumor (n = 1)	40	Ethanol 95%	Complete remission	Abdominal pain
				1.5 mL		Mucosal ulceration
Hu et al[198]	RS	Liver metastasis (n = 1)	35	Ethanol 100% 10 mL	Local control and decrease in size	Fever
Artifon et al[199]	RS	Left adrenal metastasis (n = 1)	50	Ethanol 98% 15 mL	Palliation of related pain	None
DeWitt et al[200]	RS	Metastatic lymph node (n = 1)	10-11	Ethanol	Locally successful	None
				4 + 2 mL
Total (cystic lesion)	8 studies	169 patients	6-68	-	60% (33%-79%)	-

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PS: Prospective study; RS: Retrospective study; NR: Not reported; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor.