Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: A systematic review

Table 2 Meta-regression analysis of the methods of endoscopic resection according to the published studies (the random effects model was used)

EMR vs ESD	Coefficient	95%CI	P value	Favors
Patients submitted to surgery	0.401	-2.912964, 3.714436	0.806	None
Positive margin	-0.741	-3.362995, 1.881024	0.558	None
Local recurrence	-1.713	-4.420582, 0.9937198	0.201	None
Lymph node metastasis	0.905	-5.762587, 7.573427	0.762	None
Metachronous cancer	-1.804	-4.350273, 0.7420371	0.143	None
Procedural complications	1.397	-1.264597, 4.058631	0.289	None
Stenosis	7.322	3.810146, 10.83439	< 0.001	EMR
Piecemeal resection1
Number of cases	-7.709	-11.03803, -4.380844	< 0.001	ESD
Local recurrence	-4.034	-6.151498, -1.915559	< 0.01	ESD
Resection margins	0.837	-3.725993, 5.39999	0.678	None

¹Data available only for squamous cell carcinoma studies. EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.