Survival outcome of patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated surgically or by transarterial embolization

Table 2 Clinical parameters of patients according to treatment modality n (%)

Variables	Resection	TAE	Supportive	P value
	6 (11.1)	25 (46.3)	23 (42.6)
Age, yr	59 (42-79)	54 (30-83)	53 (36-87)	NS
Gender (male)	5 (83.3)	22 (88.0)	20 (86.9)	0.95
Hb1, g/dL	8.2 (5.1-12.1)	7.6 (4.5-11.2)	8.1 (2.9-13.6)	NS
Platelet1, × 103/mm3	127.5 (80-236)	139 (11-534)	191 (86-606)	0.034, NS
Prothrombin time1, INR	1.4 (0.7-3.0)	1.3 (1.0-2.3)	2.2 (1.0-6.6)	NS
Albumin1, mg/dL	2.6 (0.4-3.5)	2.9 (1.8-3.7)	2.6 (1.2-4.3)	NS
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	2.3 (0.5-6.2)	1.2 (0.4-5.4)	6.7 (0.6-23.0)	< 0.014 , NS
Creatinine1, mg/dL	1.2 (0.8-2.0)	1.1 (0.6-1.2)	1.9 (0.9-4.9)	< 0.014, 0.015
Tumor type
Nodular/infiltrative	5/1 (83.3/16.7)	21/4 (84/16)	21/2 (91.3/8.7)	0.72
BCLC stage A/B/C/D	3/2/12/0 (50.0/33.3/16.7/0)	0/4/9/12 (0/16/36/48)	0/2/5/16 (0/8.7/21.7/69.6)	< 0.01
Alpha-fetoprotein1, ng/mL	33.9 (3-3.6 × 104)	1345 (3-6.1 × 104)	1389 (19-6.1 × 104)	NS
Vasopressor requirement	1 (16.7)	7 (28.0)	5 (21.7)	0.79
Incomplete hemostasis	1 (16.7)	5 (20)	NA	1.003
Post-treatment liver failure	0 (0)	6 (24)	NA	0.313
Rebleeding	0/5 (0)	1/20 (5.0)	NA	1.003\

¹Median (range);

²1 patient received palliative resection;

³P value between resection and TAE group;

⁴P value between resection and supportive group;

⁵P value between TAE and supportive group. TAE: Transarterial embolization; BCLC: Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer; NA: Not available; NS: Not significant.