Patterns and prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer following multidisciplinary treatment

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors affecting long-term survival

Variables	n	5 yr OS rate (%)	P value
Gender
Male	54	29.6	0.803
Female	36	33.3
Age
≤ 60 yr	50	26	0.187
> 60 yr	40	37.5
Surgery of primary tumor
Anterior resection	54	31.5	0.451
Abdominoperineal resection	32	31.2
Pathologic stage of primary tumor
I-II	25	33.3	0.473
III	56	30.8
Serum CEA1
≤ 5 ng/mL	26	38.5	0.35
> 5 ng/mL	49	28.6
Interval to recurrence (mo)
≤ 24	63	23.8	0.011
> 24	27	48.1
Recurrence pattern
Axial	27	63	< 0.001
Anterior	21	28.6
Posterior	8	12.5
Lateral	23	4.3
Surgery for recurrent tumor
R0 resection	36	55.6	< 0.001
R1-2 and non-surgery	54	14.8

¹The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level after recurrence. OS: Overall survival.