Drug-induced liver injury in hospitalized patients with notably elevated alanine aminotransferase

Table 2 Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters of 25 cases of drug-induced liver injury

Variables	Outcome
	Recovery	Improvement
Age, yr	44.6 ± 18.4	45.9 ± 16.4
Female	3 (30)	6 (40)
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.3 ± 1.6	21.6 ± 2.8
Alcohol use	2 (20)	1 (6.7)
Jaundice	2 (20)	2 (13.3)
Extrahepatic manifestations
Rash	1 (10)	1 (6.7)
Fever	6 (60)	6 (40)
Cytopenia	2 (20)	4 (26.7)
Incident cases	6 (60)	11 (73.3)
Surgical wards	5 (50)	9 (60)
Laboratory parameters, peak values
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	623 ± 118	808 ± 348a
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	338 ± 187	636 ± 651
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	169 ± 172	167 ± 75
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.4 ± 1.6	1.1 ± 1.0
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)	190 ± 224	213 ± 149
Hepatocellular type	9 (90)	14 (93.3)
Causality assessment
Highly probable	0	1 (6.7)
Probable	9 (90)	10 (66.7)
Possible	1 (10)	4 (26.7)
Time to onset, d	5.3 ± 3.8	8.9 ± 10.2
Time to enzymes resolution, d	6.7 ± 2.4	6.0 ± 3.0
Number of adjunctive drugs	2.6 ± 1.6	2.5 ± 0.8
Adjunctive drugs for treatment
Anti-inflammation	7 (70)	14 (93.3)
Antioxidants	7 (70)	11 (61.1)
Phospholipids	6 (60)	7 (46.7)
Herbs	0	3 (20.0)
Time from treatment of liver injury to discharge, d	28 ± 12	8 ± 6a

^aP < 0.05 vs recovery group. In parentheses: Standard deviation; In brackets: Percentage.