Does immunohistochemical staining have a clinical impact in early gastric cancer conducted endoscopic submucosal dissection?

Table 4 Comparison of lymphovascular invasion by immunohistochemical stain negative and positive group

	LVI IHCS		P value
	Negative (n = 237)	Positive (n = 11)
Age, yr (%)	62.6 ± 9.9	69.4 ± 10.2	0.054
≤ 60	92 (38.8)	3 (27.3)
> 60	145 (61.2)	8 (72.7)
Male (%)	182 (76.8)	7 (63.6)	0.297
Location (%)			0.667
Upper + corpus	44 (18.6)	2 (18.2)
Lower + angle	193 (81.4)	9 (81.8)
Macroscopic type (%)			0.715
Elevated	53 (22.4)	3 (27.3)
Flat/depressed	184 (77.6)	8 (72.7)
Endoscopic ulcer (%)			0.524
Present	155 (65.4)	6 (54.5)
Absent	82 (34.6)	5 (45.5)
Resection, piece (%)			0.760
≤ 2	231 (97.5)	11 (100)
≥ 3	6 (2.5)	0 (0.0)
Histology (%)			0.066
Differentiated	229 (96.6)	9 (81.8)
Undifferentiated	8 (3.4)	2 (18.2)
Depth (%)			0.009
M2	89 (37.6)	0 (0)
M3 + SM1	148 (62.4)	11 (100)
Tumor size, mm (%)	21.2 ± 12.8	21.2 ± 16.7	0.986
≤ 20	125 (52.7)	6 (54.5)
> 20	112 (47.3)	5 (45.5)
Lateral margin (%)			0.289
Positive	22 (9.3)	2 (18.2)
Negative	215 (90.7)	9 (81.8)
Vertical margin (%)			0.913
Positive	2 (0.8)	0 (0)
Negative	235 (99.2)	11 (100)
Phenotype (%)			0.751
Intestinal	89 (37.6)	3 (27.3)
Non-intestinal	148 (62.4)	8 (72.7)
VEGF (%)			< 0.001
Positive	62 (26.2)	10 (90.9)
Negative	175 (73.8)	1 (9.1)
High LVD/MVD (%)			< 0.001
Positive	48 (20.3)	11 (100)
Negative	189 (79.7)	0 (0.0)

IHCS: Immunohistochemical staining; M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; LVD: Lymphatic vessel density, MVD: Microvessel density.