Does immunohistochemical staining have a clinical impact in early gastric cancer conducted endoscopic submucosal dissection?

Table 1 Endoscopic and pathologic characteristics of endoscopic submucosal dissection groups

Groups	Absolute (n = 100)	Expanded (n = 248)	P value
Age (yr), mean (range)	62.2 (33-86)	62.9 (33-91)	0.589
Male (%)	70 (70)	189 (76.2)	0.277
Location (%)			0.183
Upper	3 (3)	21 (8.5)
Middle	31 (31)	69 (27.8)
Lower	66 (66)	158 (63.7)
Macroscopic type (%)			< 0.001
Elevated	59 (59)	56 (22.6)
Flat/depressed	36 (36)	131 (52.8)
Mixed	5 (5)	61 (24.6)
Endoscopic ulcer (%)			< 0.001
Present	0 (0)	161 (64.9)
Absent	100 (100)	87 (35.1)
Resection (%)			0.053
En-bloc	100 (100)	234 (94.4)
Complete reconstruction	0 (0)	8 (3.2)
≥ 3 piecemeal	0 (0)	6 (2.4)
Histology (%)			0.069
Differentiated	100 (100)	238 (96)
Undifferentiated	0 (0)	10 (4)
Depth (%)			< 0.001
M2	59 (59)	89 (35.9)
M3	41 (41)	131 (52.8)
SM1	0 (0)	28 (11.3)
Tumor size (mean, range)	11.4 (2-20)	21.2 (3-86)	< 0.001
≤ 20 mm (%)	100 (100)	131 (52.8)
> 20 mm (%)	0 (0)	117 (47.2)
Lateral margin (%)			< 0.001
Positive	0 (0)	24 (9.7)
Negative	100 (100)	224 (90.3)
Vertical margin (%)			0.500
Positive	0 (0)	2 (0.8)
Negative	100 (100)	246 (99.2)
Phenotype (%)			0.312
Gastric	24 (24)	66 (26.6)
Intestinal	31 (31)	92 (37)
Mixed	45 (45)	90 (36.3)
VEGF (%)			0.096
Positive	79 (79)	72 (29)
Negative	21 (21)	176 (71)
High MVD/LVD (%)			0.116
Positive	16 (16)	59 (23.8)
Negative	84 (84)	189 (76.2)
LVI HES			0.713
Positive	0 (0)	1 (0.4)
Negative	100 (100)	247 (99.6)
LVI IHCS			0.038
Positive	0 (0)	11 (4.4)
Negative	100 (100)	237 (95.6)

M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MVD: Microvessel density; LVD: Lymphatic vessel density; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; HES: Hematoxylin-eosin staining; IHCS: Immunohistochemical staining.