Osteopontin as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and liver cancers

Table 1 Osteopontin as a potential therapeutic target for gastric and liver cancers

Cell lines	Mouse model	Method of study	Resultant effects	Possible mechanisms
Gastric cancer
SGC7901	Nude mice	siRNA knockdown	Reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo	Decreasing microvessel density
BGC-823	Nude mice	Transient/stable siRNA knockdown	Inhibited cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo	Inhibition of MMP-2 and uPA expression, NF-κB DNA binding activity, and Akt phosphorylation
SGC7901	Nude mice implanted with SGC-OPN-cells	Lentivirus-mediated stable depletion	Suppressed metastases and prolonged survival time in vivo	Reducing expression of VEGF
HCC
MHCC97-L, MHCC97-H, HCC-LM3		siRNA knockdown	Decreased cell invasion and cell cloning number in vitro
HuH1/4/7, MHCC97, SMMC7721, SK-Hep-1, Hep3B, CCL13, HCCLM3	Nude mice of lung metastasis	OPN-neutralizing antibody	Blocked invasion of SK-Hep-1 and Hep3B cells in vitro, inhibited pulmonary metastasis of HCC-LM3 cells in vivo
HCC-LM6	Nude mice implanted with HCC-LM6	Antisense knockdown	Suppressed migration and invasion in vitro, decreased lung metastases in vivo	Inhibiting MMP-2 and uPA expression
HCC-LM3	Nude mice implanted with Lenti OPNi- transfected HCC-LM3 cells	Stable depletion using lentiviral vectors encoding miRNA against OPN	Inhibited both in vitro proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumor growth and lung metastasis	Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and MMP-2 and suppressing uPA expression
HCC-LM3 HepG2	Nude mice	shRNA gene silencing	Inhibited HCC cell growth, adhesion and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumorigenicity and lung metastasis in vivo, enhanced sensitivity of HCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs	Suppressing αv, β1, β3 integrin expression, blocking NF-κB activation, inhibiting apoptosis

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; OPN: Osteopontin; siRNA: Small interfering RNA; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF: Nuclear factor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; uPA: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator; shRNA: Short hairpin RNA; Akt: Protein kinase B; miRNA: microRNA .