Magnifying endoscopy in upper gastroenterology for assessing lesions before completing endoscopic removal

Figure 3 Some typical microvascular and microsurface imaging characteristics visualized in stomach under magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging. A: Fine network pattern, mostly corresponding to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (0-IIc, gastric); B: Corkscrew pattern, mostly corresponding to the poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (0-IIc, gastric); C: Intrastructural irregular vessel, enclosed in villous or papillary fine mucosal structure, had irregular shape characters such as dilation, heterogeneity, abrupt caliber or tortuousness (0-IIb, gastric); D: Regular white opaque substance (WOS), that shows well-organized and symmetrical distribution with a regular reticular pattern and obscures the subepithelial microvascular (MV) pattern (0-IIa adenoma, gastric); E: Irregular WOS, that is present within the cancerous epithelium with an irregular speckled pattern and makes the subepithelial MV pattern cannot be clearly visualized (0-IIa cancer, gastric); F: Light blue crest, defined as a fine, blue-white line on the crests of the epithelial surface in the gastric mucosa may be a distinctive endoscopic finding associated with the presence of histological intestinal metaplasia.