Characteristics and outcomes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding after therapeutic endoscopy in the elderly

Table 3 Clinical outcomes after pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy

	Patients aged≥65 yr	Patients aged < 65 yr	P value	Relative risk
	(n = 235)	(n = 291)		(95% CI)
Urgent Endoscopy: n (%)	47 (20)	64 (22)	0.58	0.91 (0.65-1.27)
For peptic ulcers bleeding	22 (14)	29 (18)	0.33	0.78 (0.47-1.29)
For variceal bleeding	16 (46)	30 (37)	0.36	1.25 (0.79-1.98)
Endoscopic therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers: 1n (%)	45 (28)	55 (34)	0.29	0.84 (0.60-1.16)
Epinephrine injection	36 (80)	50 (91)	0.12
Coaptive thermocoagulation	28 (62)	39 (71)	0.36
Hemostatic clip	11 (24)	14 (25)	0.91
Combined therapy	29 (64)	42 (76)	0.19
Endoscopic therapy for variceal bleeding: 1n (%)	27 (66)	72 (75)	0.34	0.89 (0.69-1.14)
Esophageal band ligation	25 (93)	64 (89)	0.59
Cyanoacrylate injection	3 (11)	10 (14)	0.72
The 72-h infusion of PPI after endoscopic therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers: n (%)	47 (29)	49 (30)	0.84	0.97 (0.69-1.35)
The 3-5 d infusion of vasoactive agent after endoscopic therapy for variceal bleeding: n (%)	27 (66)	73 (76)	0.22	0.87 (0.68-1.11)
Units of blood transfused:
Before endoscopy	1.8 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 1.6	0.88
During hospitalization	2.7 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.2	0.33
Hospital stay (d)	5 (1-14)	4 (1-13)	0.84
Hospital stay < 3 d: n (%)	85 (36)	106 (36)	0.95	0.99 (0.79-1.25)
Recurrent bleeding: n (%)
Within 3 d	11 (5)	11 (4)	0.61	1.24 (0.55-2.81)
Within 7 d	22 (9)	17 (6)	0.13	1.60 (0.87-2.95)
Within 30 d	36 (15)	31 (11)	0.11	1.44 (0.92-2.25)
Emergency surgery: n (%)	1 (0.4)	4 (1.4)	0.26	0.31 (0.03-2.75)
Death within 30 d: n (%)	16 (7)	18 (6)	0.77	1.10 (0.57-2.11)

Categorical variables are presented as number and percentage, and continuous variables are presented as the mean ± SD or median and range when appropriate. CI: Confidence interval.

¹Some patients were treated with more than 1 endoscopic modality.