Obstructing fungal cholangitis complicating metal biliary stent placement in pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Obstructing fungal cholangitis, summary of the literature

Author	Presentation	Treatment	Fungal eradication
Marcucci et al[1], 1978	Abdominal (Abd) pain, jaundice	Surgical removal of fungal balls/drainage. No chemotherapy	Yes
Magnussen et al[11], 1979	Acute myelogenous leukemia, elevated liver function tests (LFTs)	Surgical removal of fungal balls, amphotericin B	Yes
Carstensen et al[2], 1986	Abd pain, jaundice	Surgical removal, T-tube drainage, antifungals	Yes
Irani et al[7], 1986	Jaundice, s/p thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair	Amphotericin B	No, died of cerebral infarct
Ho et al[3], 1988	Sickle cell disease, abd pain, jaundice, s/p cholecystecomy	Surgical removal, intrabiliary amphotericin B	Yes
Wig et al[4], 1998	Abd pain, jaundice	Nasobiliary drainage, ex-lap with T-tube placement; no chemotherapy	Yes
Reeves et al[8], 2000	Abd pain, jaundice	Endoscopic debridement, intrabiliary amphotericin B, oral fluconazole	Yes
Domagk et al[5], 2001 and Domagk et al[6], 2006	Elevated LFTs, dilated bile ducts	Sphincterotomy, debridement, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	Yes
	Dilated bile ducts	Sphincterotomy, debridement, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	Yes
	Abd pain, jaundice	Sphincterotomy, nasobiliary drainage, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	Yes
	Abd pain, jaundice	Sphincterotomy, debridement, nasobiliary drainage, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	Yes
	Elevated LFTs	Sphincterotomy, debridement, nasobiliary drainage, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	Yes
	Elevated LFTs	Sphincterotomy, debridement, nasobiliary drainage, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	No
	Abd pain, jaundice	Sphincterotomy, debridement, nasobiliary drainage, systemic/intrabiliary antifungals	No