Anxiety and depression in adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet

Table 2 Comparisons of patients with celiac disease with patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission or having slight disease activity and with subjects of the general population

Variable	Celiac disease	Inflammatory bowel disease	General population	Overall comparison	Comparisonsubgroups
	n = 441 (1)	n = 235 (2)	n = 441 (3)
Sex (female) (n, %)	346 (78.5)	183 (77.9)	346 (78.5)	Not significant
Age (mean, SD)	46.3 (15.1)	44.9 (12.4)	49.9 (16.8)	Not significant
Social class index (n, %)			No comparable data available	Not possible	χ2 = 14.5
Lower	26 (6.3)	28 (11.9)			P < 0.01
Middle	271 (65.3)	167 (71.1)
Upper	118 (28.4)	40 (17.0)
Living in partnership or with family (n, %)	334 (76.1)	187 (80.3)	No comparable data available	Not significant
Anxiety				F = 45.9	1, 2 > 3
Total, mean (SD)	6.7 (4.0)	6.9 (3.7)	4.6 (3.3)	P < 0.001
Depression				Not significant
Total, mean (SD)	4.1 (3.6)	4.6 (3.4)	4.2 (3.8)
Probable anxiety disorder				χ2 = 23.2	1, 2 > 3
Total (n, %)	68 (15.4)	33 (14.0)	25 (5.7)	P < 0.001
Probable depressive disorder				Not significant
Total (n, %)	25 (5.7)	12 (5.1)	38 (8.6)