Analysis of demographic characteristics in 3242 young age gastric cancer patients in Korea

Table 3 Frequency of control group and young age GC, age-adjusted OR estimates and 95% CI by demographic and clinical characteristics, Korea, 1990 to 2008 n (%)

Risk factors	GCs		Controls		Age-adjusted OR		95% CI		P-value
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
High-risk diet1
Whole	694 (39.7)	440 (29.4)	341 (20.7)	265 (19.6)	2.53	1.71	2.17-2.95	1.34-2.03	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	54 (37.5)	40 (27.8)	31 (20.7)	25 (16.7)	2.30	1.50	1.37-3.87	0.87-2.57	0.002	0.034
Group B	311 (39.0)	239 (30.4)	153 (20.4)	151 (20.1)	2.49	1.73	1.99-3.13	1.37-1.29	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group C	329 (40.9)	161 (33.4)	157 (22.0)	89 (22.3)	2.61	1.75	2.08-3.27	1.307-2.37	< 0.001	< 0.001
Heavy smoking2
Whole	528 (30.2)	241 (16.1)	264 (16.0)	137 (10.1)	2.27	1.70	1.93-2.69	1.36-2.13	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	51 (35.4)	34 (15.0)	30 (20.0)	19 (9.5)	2.19	1.68	1.30-3.72	0.92-3.05	0.003	0.031
Group B	244 (30.6)	143 (18.2)	119 (15.9)	83 (11.1)	2.34	1.79	1.82-2.99	1.34-2.39	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group C	233 (28.9)	64 (13.2)	115 (15.3)	35 (8.75)	2.25	1.60	1.75-2.89	1.03-2.47	< 0.001	0.035
Heavy alcohol drinking3
Whole	608 (34.8)	168 (11.2)	301 (18.2)	91 (6.7)	2.39	1.52	2.04-2.81	1.34-2.29	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	54 (37.5)	26 (11.5)	28 (18.7)	12 (6.0)	2.61	2.02	1.54-4.45	0.99-4.13	< 0.001	0.052
Group B	293 (36.7)	81 (10.3)	142 (18.9)	47 (6.3)	2.48	1.72	1.97-3.14	1.18-2.50	< 0.001	0.005
Group C	261 (32.4)	61 (12.7)	131 (17.5)	32 (8.0)	2.14	1.73	1.68-2.72	1.60-2.54	< 0.001	0.019
Low socioeconomic condition4
Whole	414 (23.7)	323 (21.6)	279 (16.9)	206 (15.3)	1.53	1.53	1.29-1.81	1.26-1.86	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	28 (19.4)	44 (19.3)	21 (14)	27 (13.5)	1.42	1.54	0.76-2.64	0.99-3.03	0.003	0.009
Group B	191 (23.9)	168 (21.4)	135 (18.0)	122 (16.3)	1.43	1.40	1.12-1.84	1.082-1.81	0.004	0.011
Group C	195 (24.2)	111 (23.0)	123 (16.4)	57 (14.2)	1.63	1.80	1.27-2.10	1.27-2.56	< 0.001	0.001
Urban residence
Whole	947 (54.2)	805 (53.8)	711 (43.1)	574 (42.5)	1.56	1.58	1.37-1.79	1.36-1.83	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	84 (58.3)	132 (58.1)	67 (44.7)	99 (49.5)	1.48	1.42	0.93-1.23	0.973-2.08	0.002	0.073
Group B	454 (56.9)	434 (55.2)	331 (44.1)	322 (42.9)	1.67	1.64	1.37-2.04	1.34-2.00	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group C	409 (50.8)	239 (49.6)	313 (38.9)	153 (38.2)	1.44	1.60	1.18-1.76	1.21-2.08	0.003	0.001
Occupational environment
Whole	588 (33.6)	331 (22.1)	315 (19.1)	181 (13.4)	2.15	1.84	1.84-2.52	1.51-2.24	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	44 (30.6)	47 (20.7)	24 (16.0)	29 (14.5)	2.31	1.54	1.32-4.05	0.93-2.56	0.004	0.094
Group B	263 (33.0)	181 (23.0)	140 (18.7)	98 (13.1)	2.14	1.99	1.69-2.71	1.52-2.61	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group C	281 (34.9)	103 (21.4)	151 (20.1)	54 (13.5)	2.13	1.74	1.69-2.68	1.22-2.50	< 0.001	0.003
Family history of GC5
Whole	150 (8.6)	102 (6.8)	36 (2.2)	28 (2.1)	4.21	3.46	2.91-6.10	2.26-5.29	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	11 (7.6)	14 (6.2)	3 (2.0)	4 (2.0)	4.05	3.22	1.10-14.84	1.04-9.95	0.035	0.042
Group B	68 (8.5)	53 (6.7)	17 (2.3)	15 (2.4)	4.01	3.54	2.34-6.90	1.98-6.34	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group C	71 (8.8)	35 (7.2)	16 (2.1)	9 (2.3)	4.17	3.40	2.43-7.15	1.62-7.17	< 0.001	0.001
H. pylori (+) & combined IM
Whole	367 (21.0)	231 (15.5)	144 (8.7)	156 (11.6)	2.78	1.40	2.26-3.42	1.13-1.74	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	11 (7.6)	13 (5.7)	5 (3.3)	11 (5.5)	2.40	1.04	0.71-7.08	0.46-2.39	0.051	0.192
Group B	155 (19.4)	121 (15.4)	65 (4.3)	89 (11.9)	2.54	1.35	1.87-3.46	1.00-1.81	< 0.001	0.045
Group C	201 (25.0)	97 (20.1)	74 (9.9)	56 (14.0)	3.04	1.55	2.28-4.06	1.08-2.22	< 0.001	0.017
BMI > 35
Whole	374 (21.4)	270 (18.1)	201 (12.4)	159 (11.8)	1.94	1.65	1.63-2.37	1.34-2.04	< 0.001	< 0.001
Group A	30 (20.8)	35 (15.4)	18 (12.0)	19 (9.5)	1.93	1.74	1.09-2.35	0.96-3.15	0.043	0.066
Group B	176 (22.1)	139 (17.7)	95 (12.7)	89 (11.9)	1.95	1.60	1.49-2.56	1.20-2.12	< 0.001	0.001
Group C	168 (20.9)	96 (19.9)	92 (12.3)	51 (12.8)	1.89	1.70	1.43-2.49	1.78-2.46	< 0.001	0.005

¹High-risk diet is defined as more frequent intake of beef and canned, smoked, and salted food and less frequent intake of fresh fruit/vegetables;

²Heavy smoking is defined as more than 20 pack-years;

³Heavy alcohol intake is defined as more than 60 g/d;

⁴Socioeconomic conditions were evaluated by household income, stratified into 3 groups based on income epidemiology in Korea. This condition comes under the lowest income group;

⁵Family history was defined as first-degree relative with GC. The 3000 normal controls included 1650 males and 1350 females. Group A, 18-30 years of age, n = 350; Group B, 31-40 years of age, n = 1500; Group C, 41-45 years of age, n = 1150; Whole, 18-45 years of age, n = 3000. The 3242 young age GC included 1747 males and 1495 females. Group A, 18-30 years of age, n = 371; group B, 31-40 years of age, n = 1584; group C, 41-45 years of age, n = 1287; whole, 18-45 years of age, n = 3242. GC: Gastric carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.