Synergistic effect of fatty liver and smoking on metabolic syndrome

Table 1 Demographic data and lifestyle factors among study subjects (n = 3455), stratified by fatty liver and smoking habit (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Fatty liver (-)		Fatty liver (+)		P-value
	Non-smoker (n = 1702)	Smoker (n = 365)	Non-smoker (n = 1057)	Smoker (n = 331)
Age (yr)	45.9 ± 11.9	42.6 ± 10.8	49.9 ± 11.0	44.9 ± 9.4	< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)	22.0 ± 2.6	22.3 ± 2.7	25.7 ± 3.2	25.9 ± 3.0	< 0.0001
Male	681 (40)	290 (79.5)	695 (65.8)	315 (95.2)	< 0.0001
Drinking1	127 (7.5)	99 (27.1)	122 (11.5)	93 (28.1)	< 0.0001
Physical activity2	944 (55.5)	242 (66.5)	568 (53.8)	223 (67.4)	< 0.0001

¹Alcohol consumption ≥ 1 time and ≤ 3 times per week (subjects who drank more than 3 times per week were excluded before analysis);

²Exercise ≥ 1 time per week. BMI: Body mass index.