Endoscopic features predictive of gastric cancer in superficial lesions with biopsy-proven high grade intraepithelial neoplasia

Table 2 Comparison between true HGIEN and gastric cancer lesions confirmed by en-bloc resection (mean ± SD) n (%)

Parameter	True HGIEN group (n = 16)	Gastric cancer group (n = 56)	P value
Age (yr)	60.6 ± 7.5	60.5 ± 10.4	0.987
Male sex	11 (91.7)	49 (87.5)	0.163
History of melena or weight loss	2 (12.5)	10 (17.9)	0.899
History of previous target biopsy	6 (37.5)	17 (30.4)	0.589
Time frame (d)	19.7 ± 11.8	19.0 ± 11.9	0.955
Macroscopic type
0-I/0-IIa	4 (25.0)	9 (16.1)	0.652
0-IIc	9 (56.2)	26 (46.4)	0.488
0-IIa + IIc/IIc + IIa	3 (18.8)	13 (23.2)	0.970
0-IIc + III/0-III	0 (0)	8 (14.3)	0.249
Mixed type1	3 (18.8)	19 (33.9)	0.393
Details of endoscopic findings
Lesion size (cm)	1.2 ± 0.4	2.6 ± 2.1	< 0.0012
> 1.5 cm	2 (12.5)	46 (82.1)	< 0.0012
Location (distal stomach)	10 (62.5)	38 (67.8)	0.688
Mucosal ruga changes	0 (0)	5 (8.9)	0.496
Marked ulcer plaque3 or ulcer scar	1 (6.2)	34 (60.7)	< 0.0012

¹The mixed type included 0-Is + IIc, 0-IIa + IIc, 0-IIc + IIa and 0-IIc + III in this series; ²P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test for continuous variables without a normal distribution and χ² test for categorical variables; ³One or several ulcer plaques/scars at least 5 mm in size.