Application of a biochemical and clinical model to predict individual survival in patients with end-stage liver disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patient population

Variables	Derivation set n = 172	Validation set n = 85
Follow-up period	56 (4-104)	58 (8-104)
Age (yr)	56 (20-79)	59 (23-78)
Sex, n (%)
Male	106 (62)	58 (68)
Female	66 (38)	27 (32)
Cause of cirrhosis, n (%)
Alcohol	30 (17)	16 (19)
Alcohol plus viral infection	15 (9)	4 (5)
HBV	20 (12)	12 (14)
HCV	92 (53)	50 (59)
Viral co-infection (HBV/HCV)	1 (1)	1 (1)
Unknown	13 (7)	1 (1)
NAFL	1 (1)	1 (1)
Complications on admission, n (%)
Ascites
Absent or controlled	147 (85)	72 (85)
Uncontrolled	25 (15)	13 (15)
BEV
Absent or present without relapses	167 (97)	79 (94)
Present with relapses	5 (3)	5 (6)
Encephalopathy
Absent or controlled	160 (93)	79 (93)
Uncontrolled	12 (7)	6 (7)
SBP
Absent or present without relapses	168 (98)	82 (96)
Present with relapses	4 (2)	3 (4)
Hepatorenal syndrome, n (%)	3 (2)	1 (1)
Prothrombin time (s)	19 (13-55)	17 (13-53)
Partial thromboplastin time (s)	38 (26-165)	39 (26-167)
INR for prothrombin time	1.7 (1-7.5)	1.5 (1-6.9)
Albumin (g/L)	37 (20-48)	36 (21-47)
Creatinine (mmol/L)1	100 (42-516)	98 (39-489)
Bilirubin (mmol/L)2	20 (8-130)	23 (12-137)
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.8 (1.9-10.2)	3.9 (2-9.6)
Child-Pugh score3	7 (5-14)	7 (5-14)
Child-Pugh A, n (%)	67 (39)	30 (35)
Child-Pugh B, n (%)	75 (44)	34 (40)
Child-Pugh C, n (%)	30 (17)	21 (25)
MELD score	17 (9-42)	18 (10-43)
BioCliM score	7.7 (6.1-13.6)	7.9 (6-13.8)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NAFL: Non-alcoholic fatty liver; BEV: Bleeding esophageal varices; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; BioCliM: Biochemical and Clinical Model. All quantitative variables are expressed as median (ranges).

¹To convert mmol/L into mg/dL, multiply by 0.01131.

²To convert mmol/L into mg/dL, multiply by 0.0585.

³The Child-Pugh, MELD and BioCliM scores are measures of the severity of liver disease.