Laparoscopic resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis without abdominal incisions

Figure 1 Anal operation. A: Surgical field exposed above the dentate line using the five-stitch suspension method; B: Telescopic anastomosis is completed; C: Anus after removal of the suspension sutures.

Figure 2 Rectal mucosa and telescopic anastomosis. A: Rectal mucosa is peeled off while retaining the rectal sheath: (1) Dentate line; (2) Rectal mucosa is peeled 2-4 cm from 2 cm above the dentate line; (3) Intact rectal muscle sheath 2-4 cm; B: Telescopic anastomosis: (1) Four stitches for telescopic colon seromuscular layer and rectal sheath; (2) Telescopic full-thickness colon and residual rectal submucosa; (3) Anatomosis is 1-2 cm above the dentate line.