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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2013; 19(44): 7992-7999
Published online Nov 28, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.7992
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Splanchnic and systemic alterations in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension produced by triple partial portal vein stenosis.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Aortic abdominal wall microscopic images in long-term (22 mo) sham-operated rat (A) and in a triple partial portal vein ligated-rat (B). The aortic wall in the rat with portal hypertension is enlarged, has more fibrosis, with collagen deposition in the middle layer, a greater loss of the smooth muscular cell nucleus and much thinner elastic fibers than in the aortic wall of the sham-operated rat. They are also are distributed in an irregular manner (Masson, × 40).
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Aortic inflammatory mediators in triple partial vein ligated-rats at 22 mo after postoperative evolution. Increased aortic mRNA expression of tumoral necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, are associated with the increased expression of mRNA levels of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor (IκB) ratio. SO: Sham-operated rats; PPH: Prehepatic portal hypertensive rats. aP < 0.05, statistically significant value in regards to SO-rats.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Aortic profibrogenic mediators in triple partial vein ligated-rats at 22 mo of postoperative evolution. Increased abdominal aortic expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). SO: Sham-operated rats. PHH: Prehepatic portal hypertensive-rats. aP < 0.05, statistically significant value in regards to SO-rats.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Chronic splanchnic alterations, liver steatosis and enteropathy, secondary to long-term triple partial portal vein stenosed rats are associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and profibrogenic mediators in abdominal aorta. NAD(P)H: Reduced-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinases; TPVL: Triple partial portal vein stenosed; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; MMP-9: Matrix metallopeptidase 9.