Traditional Chinese surgical treatment for anal fistulae with secondary tracks and abscess

Figure 1 Low complex anal fistula.

Figure 2 Internal opening and secondary tracts were found by a ball-shape head sliver fistula probe.

Figure 3 Mucosa and internal sphincter below the internal opening were laid open and a wound was made on anal verge for drainage. Secondary tracts or abscess were curetted.

Figure 4 Silk sutures were put through every two incisions and knotted in loose state.

Figure 5 If fistulous track was longer than 5 cm, one incision was done in the middle of tract.

Figure 6 If fistulous track was curved, one incision was done at the top.

Figure 7 Wounds and fistulous track were irrigated with normal saline.