Why the migration of peritoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum occurs more in children: A systematic literature review

Figure 1  Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses flow diagram for literature search for the systematic review of migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum.

Figure 2  Types of literature (manuscripts) included in the systematic review (n = 95).

Figure 3  In children, the side of migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum (n = 112).

Figure 4 In children, the indication (causes of hydrocephalus) for primary ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion (n = 112). NTD: Neural tube defect.

Figure 5 In children, their age at the time of primary ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter insertion (n = 112). VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Figure 6 In children, their age at the time of diagnosis of migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum (n = 112). VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Figure 7 In children, the interval from primary ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter insertion (revision, if any) to the diagnosis of migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum (n = 112). VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Figure 8 In children, surgical procedures executed for migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the scrotum (n = 112). A: Reposition of migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the peritoneal cavity and inguinal herniotomy; B: Reposition (spontaneous) of migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the peritoneal cavity and inguinal herniotomy; C: Removal of part of migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter, repositioning of the remaining peritoneal catheter into the peritoneal cavity and inguinal herniotomy; D: Removal of part of migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter, repositioning of the remaining peritoneal catheter into the peritoneal cavity without inguinal herniotomy; E: Removal of migrated/abandoned distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with repositioning of working distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the peritoneal cavity and inguinal herniotomy; F: Removal of migrated/abandoned distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter and inguinal herniotomy; G: Removal of the entire ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter alone; H: Removal of the entire ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter and inguinal herniotomy; I: Removal of entire ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with re-ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion/ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision and inguinal herniotomy; J: Surgical therapy not required for the migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter; K: Surgical therapy not done for the migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter; L: Surgical therapy details not available for the migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter; M: Other surgical procedures for the migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter; VPS: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.