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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Malaysia from 1980-2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Man Jun Soo, Zhen Yee Chow, Siew Mooi Ching, Chun Han Tan, Kai Wei Lee, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Hani Syahida Salim, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Poh Ying Lim, Dhashani Sivaratnam, Fan Kee Hoo, Ai Theng Cheong, Yook Chin Chia
Man Jun Soo, Siew Mooi Ching, Kai Wei Lee, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Hani Syahida Salim, Ai Theng Cheong, Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Zhen Yee Chow, Chun Han Tan, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Perai 13700, Malaysia
Vasudevan Ramachandran, Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Poh Ying Lim, Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Dhashani Sivaratnam, Department of Surgery, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Fan Kee Hoo, Department of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Yook Chin Chia, Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
Author contributions: Ching SM, Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Hoo FK, Chow ZY, Lim PY and Tan CH conceived and designed the study; Chow ZY, an CH, Soo MJ and Lee KW performed the study; Ching SM, Soo MJ, Lee KW, Chow ZY, Lim PY and Tan CH analyzed the data; Ching SM, Soo MJ, Lee KW, Chow ZY and Tan CH wrote the paper; Ching SM, Soo MJ, Lee KW, Chow ZY, Tan CH, Cheong AT and Devaraj NK contributed to the data interpretation; Chia YC, Ching SM, Cheong AT, Devaraj NK, Salim HS, Ramachandran V, Sivaratnam D, Lee KW and Hoo FK critically revised the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Siew Mooi Ching, MD, MMed (FamMed), Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. sm_ching@upm.edu.my
Received: June 27, 2020
Peer-review started: June 27, 2020
First decision: August 8, 2020
Revised: August 22, 2020
Accepted: August 27, 2020
Article in press: August 27, 2020
Published online: August 28, 2020
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Hypertension is a common public health problem worldwide.
Research motivation
Future studies on the prevalence of hypertension can address some of issues noted in this research. The prevalence of hypertension according to gender, ethnicity and geographical origin should be studied in more detail.
Research objectives
This systematic review aimed to determine the trend in prevalence, awareness and control rate of hypertension in Malaysia.
Research methods
A systematic search was conducted in six databases for articles published between 1980 and 2018. Authors reviewed the studies and performed quality assessment and data extraction independently.
Research results
The overall pooled prevalence of hypertension in Malaysia was 29.7%. The overall prevalence of awareness was 51.4%, and 33.3% of those on treatment had achieved control of their blood pressure.
Research conclusions
In Malaysia, three in ten adults aged ≥ 18 years have hypertension, while four in ten adults aged ≥ 30 years have hypertension. Five out of ten people are aware of their hypertension status and only one-third of those under treatment achieved control of their hypertension.
Research perspectives
Concerted efforts by policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve awareness and control of hypertension should be of high priority.
