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Yousefi P, Lietz MP, O'Higgins FJ, Rippe RCA, Hasler G, van Elk M, Enriquez-Geppert S. Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2025; 242:1171-1196. [PMID: 39847068 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psilocybin shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insight into its acute effects on cognition is lacking. Given the significant role of executive functions in daily life and treatment efficacy, it is crucial to evaluate how psilocybin influences these cognitive domains. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aims to quantify the acute effects of psilocybin on executive functions and attention, while examining how dosage, timing of administration, cognitive domain, and task characteristics moderate these effects. METHODS A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis were conducted on empirical studies assessing psilocybin's acute effects on working memory, conflict monitoring, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and attention. Effect sizes for reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) were calculated, exploring the effects of timing (on-peak defined as 90-180 min post-administration), dosage, cognitive function categories, and task sensitivity to executive functions as potential moderators. RESULTS Thirteen studies (42 effect sizes) were included. In the acute phase, psilocybin increased RTs (Hedges' g = 1.13, 95% CI [0.57, 1.7]) and did not affect ACC (Hedges' g = -0.45, 95% CI [-0.93, 0.034]). Effects on RT were dose dependent. Significant between-study heterogeneity was found for both RT and ACC. Task sensitivity to executive functions moderated RT effects. Publication bias was evident, but the overall effect remained significant after adjustment for this. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows that psilocybin impairs executive functions and results in a slowing down of RT. We discuss potential neurochemical mechanisms underlying the observed effects as well as implications for the safe use of psilocybin in clinical and experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yousefi
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Morten P Lietz
- Molecular Psychiatry Lab, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - F J O'Higgins
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R C A Rippe
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G Hasler
- Molecular Psychiatry Lab, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Freiburg Mental Health Network, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - M van Elk
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Enriquez-Geppert
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Psychedelic Treatment and Mechanisms Group, University Centre of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Moghib K, Dawoud ALA, Altalab G, Syed MS, Salomon I, Musse HAY, Doubie OAM, Elsekhary AI, Al-Dalaeen RA, Kandil GEDH. Evaluating hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct to corticosteroids in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2025:10.1007/s00405-025-09372-2. [PMID: 40405024 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-025-09372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a medical emergency characterized by unexplained hearing loss, usually one-sided, of at least 30 dB across three or more contiguous frequencies within 72 h. This condition significantly impairs daily communication and has serious consequences for mental health, social relationships, and the overall quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is being investigated as a potential adjuvant treatment for SSNHL alongside systemic steroids. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HBOT combined with systemic corticosteroids compared with corticosteroids alone in patients with SSNHL. METHOD We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify 14 studies that matched our inclusion criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English, which evaluated HBOT alone or with corticosteroids in adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with SSNHL based on the AAO-HNS criteria, reporting pure-tone audiometry (PTA)-based outcomes. The analysis included 794 participants and evaluated outcomes such as improvements in Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) thresholds, rates of hearing recovery, and adverse events. RESULTS Results indicated that the combined therapy of HBOT and systemic corticosteroids significantly improved low-frequency hearing thresholds (SMD: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66-1.00, p < 0.0001) and increased the odds of complete recovery (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.41-2.98, p = 0.0002). However, significant heterogeneity (I² = 96.7%) and variations in the treatment protocols were observed. Adverse events, including vertigo, have been reported but are generally mild. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that combining systemic corticosteroids with HBOT may improve hearing recovery in ISSNHL, particularly at lower frequencies within the first three months. However, high heterogeneity and the lack of statistical significance in the random-effects model call for cautious interpretation. Well-designed RCTs with standardized protocols and clear patient selection criteria are needed to confirm these findings. Future research should focus on identifying subgroups most likely to benefit and optimizing treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moghib
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Izere Salomon
- University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda.
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Çekiç A, Korkmaz K, Cömert SA, Yildirim I. Examination of the variables related to parents' irrational beliefs: a meta-analysis study. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1478262. [PMID: 40376487 PMCID: PMC12078775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1478262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the variables that have been studied in relation to parents' irrational beliefs, and to examine the relationships between these variables through meta-analysis. Additionally, this study aimed to explore cultural differences in parents' irrational beliefs by conducting subgroup analyses based on the country in which the study was conducted. Methods Fifteen studies, which had been issued in the databases of Google Scholar and Web of Science (WOS) between the years of 1990 and 2023, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. In these fifteen studies, the associations of parents' irrational beliefs with twenty three different variables were examined. These variables were reorganized under the titles of "Irrational thoughts", "Positive mental health (Parent)", "Negative mental health (Parent)", "Negative mental health (Child)", "Positive behavior (Parent)", "Negative behavior (Parent)", "Adaptation (Parent)", "Parent-child relationship", "Positive characteristics (Child)" and "Irrational beliefs (Child)" in line with expert opinions. Among these variables, the effect sizes of those that included a sufficient number of studies for meta-analysis were calculated separately. Findings and conclusion Accordingly, the largest effect size was calculated between parental irrational beliefs and general irrational beliefs (0.60), and the smallest effect size was calculated between parental irrational beliefs and children's negative mental health characteristics (0.15). In the subgroup analyses conducted according to the country of the study, the largest effect sizes were observed in USA for all variables, while the lowest effect sizes were observed in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Çekiç
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Kübra Korkmaz
- Izmir Provincial Directorate of National Education, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Ibrahim Yildirim
- Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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Wu D, Du E, Eisenhauer N, Mathieu J, Chu C. Global engineering effects of soil invertebrates on ecosystem functions. Nature 2025; 640:120-129. [PMID: 39939777 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
The biogenic structures produced by termites, ants and earthworms provide key functions across global ecosystems1,2. However, little is known about the drivers of the soil engineering effects caused by these small but important invertebrates3 at the global scale. Here we show, on the basis of a meta-analysis of 12,975 observations from 1,047 studies on six continents, that all three taxa increase soil macronutrient content, soil respiration and soil microbial and plant biomass compared with reference soils. The effect of termites on soil respiration and plant biomass, and the effect of earthworms on soil nitrogen and phosphorus content, increase with mean annual temperature and peak in the tropics. By contrast, the effects of ants on soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus, plant biomass and survival rate peak at mid-latitude ecosystems that have the lowest primary productivity. Notably, termites and ants increase plant growth by alleviating plant phosphorus limitation in the tropics and nitrogen limitation in temperate regions, respectively. Our study highlights the important roles of these invertebrate taxa in global biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions. Given the importance of these soil-engineering invertebrates, biogeochemical models should better integrate their effects, especially on carbon fluxes and nutrient cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jérome Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Ozcevik Subasi D, Akca Sumengen A, Semerci R, Cakir GN. Effectiveness of school-based interventions on child sexual abuse knowledge in children with disabilities: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:e90-e101. [PMID: 38955613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with disabilities (CWDs) constitute a substantial segment of the population who encounter abuse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the influence of school-based interventions on this susceptible group. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in enhancing child sexual abuse (CSA) knowledge among CWDs. PARTICIPANTS This meta-analysis incorporated seven published studies, encompassing 387 CWDs. METHODS Our study synthesizes findings from seven experimental and quasi-experimental studies, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The study was registered in PROSPERO. The literature search, conducted between September 25, 2023, and October 2, 2023, employed various databases and keywords relevant to the study's scope. The research question and articles' eligibility were assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study type (PICOs). The meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS The school-based intervention greatly impacted CWDs' CSA knowledge scores (Hedges's g = 1.026 [95% CI: 0.845; 1.208], z = 11.074, p = 0.000). The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that Questionnaire/scale-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 2.586 [95% CI: 0.920; 4.252], z = 3.043, P = 0.002) and Vignette-based knowledge measurement (Hedges's g = 1.065 [95% CI: 0.655; 1.474], z = 5.100, p = 0.000) are effective in assessing CWDs' knowledge of CSA. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled studies and quasi-experimental studies provide robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of school-based interventions in significantly enhancing CSA knowledge among CWDs. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE These findings are potentially significant evidence for education professionals, including educators and school health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aylin Akca Sumengen
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Remziye Semerci
- Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, School of Nursing, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Naz Cakir
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Goff NK, Ashby L, Ashour R. Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Raman Spectroscopy and Machine-Learning-Based Identification of Glioma Tissue. World Neurosurg 2024; 189:26-32. [PMID: 38796149 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Intraoperative Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been identified as a potential tool for surgeons to rapidly and noninvasively differentiate between diseased and normal tissue. Since the previous meta-analysis on the subject was published in 2016, improvements in both spectroscopy equipment and machine learning models used to process spectra may have led to an increase in RS efficacy. Therefore, we decided to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of RS when differentiating between glioma tissue and normal brain tissue. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed while conducting this meta-analysis. A search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science for prospective and retrospective studies published between 2016 and 2022 using intraoperative RS and standard histology methods to differentiate between glioma and normal brain tissue. Meta-analyses of log odds ratios, sensitivity, and specificity were conducted in JASP using the random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. A total of 9 studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 673 patients and 8319 Raman spectra. Meta-analysis of log diagnostic odds ratios revealed high heterogeneity (I2 = 79.83%) and yielded a back-transformed diagnostic odds ratio of 76.71 (95% confidence interval: 39.57-148.71). Finally, meta-analysis for sensitivity and specificity of RS for glioma tissue showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.37% and 98.21%, respectively) and yielded an overall sensitivity of 95.3% (95% confidence interval: 91.0%-99.6%) and an overall specificity of 71.2% (95% confidence interval: 54.8%-87.6%). Calculation of a summary receiver operating curve yielded an overall area under the curve of 0.9265. Raman spectroscopy represents a promising tool for surgeons to quickly and accurately differentiate between healthy brain tissue and glioma tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas K Goff
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Landon Ashby
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ramsey Ashour
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
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Sharma Y, Sumanadasa S, Shahi R, Woodman R, Mangoni AA, Bihari S, Thompson C. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11846. [PMID: 38783029 PMCID: PMC11116443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) poses a significant global health challenge, prompting exploration of innovative treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin C supplementation in adults undergoing treatment for CAP. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinical Trials.gov databases from inception to 17 November 2023 identified six randomized-controlled-trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion criteria. The primary outcome analysis revealed a non-significant trend towards reduced overall mortality in the vitamin C group compared to controls (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.09; p = 0.052; I2 = 0; p = 0.65). Sensitivity analysis, excluding corona-virus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies and considering the route of vitamin C administration, confirmed this trend. Secondary outcomes, including hospital length-of-stay (LOS), intensive-care-unit (ICU) LOS, and mechanical ventilation, exhibited mixed results. Notably, heterogeneity and publication bias were observed in hospital LOS analysis, necessitating cautious interpretation. Adverse effects were minimal, with isolated incidents of nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and tachycardia reported. This meta-analysis suggests potential benefits of vitamin C supplementation in CAP treatment. However, inconclusive findings and methodological limitations warrants cautious interpretation, emphasising the urgency for high-quality trials to elucidate the true impact of vitamin C supplementation in CAP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sharma
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Division of Medicine, Cardiac & Critical Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | | | - Rashmi Shahi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Shailesh Bihari
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Campbell Thompson
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Kim S, Kim SY. Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education for Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:312-321. [PMID: 38545967 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241240959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of oral diseases is high, but access to oral health care is still problematic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prevention of oral diseases in the child and adolescent population is the key as it can be prevented and potentially reversed at its early stages. This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies had outcomes, such as oral health knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries index, and those published from 1995 to 2019 in English. After screening and reviewing the retrieved articles, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and six eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The computed effect size of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries showed improved knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival health from the selected studies. However, most of the interventions took place for less than one year, and long-term evidence is still lacking. As repetition and reinforcement are critical in maintaining long-term effects, both country context and sustainability should be considered in school-based oral health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwoo Kim
- Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, SNU Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yoon Kim
- Division of Medical Law and Bioethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Haritash AK. Cadmium Uptake From Soil by Ornamental Metallophytes: A Meta-analytical Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:1087-1097. [PMID: 36573998 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by cadmium (Cd) is a serious issue worldwide affecting environmental and human health. Conventional chemical and physical methods of treating contaminated soil are costly, time-consuming, and less effective. Phytoremediation using ornamental plants is a safe and effective method for the treatment of heavy metal-polluted soil due to their rapid growth and accumulation of biomass, high heavy metal tolerance, and non-edible nature. The present study is the first attempt for the meta-analysis of existing literature on Cd accumulation and translocation by ornamental plants. The uptake and transfer capacity of ornamental plants was measured using the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). The results indicate that ornamental plants have varying Cd-absorption capacities. Among the 49 plant species identified from 31 articles, Helianthus annuus (BCF = 5.785), Impatiens glandulifera (BCF = 4.722), and Crassocephalum crepidioides (BCF = 3.623) represented higher accumulation capacity, whereas Rorippa globosa (TF = 1.653) and Sedum spectabile Boreau (TF = 1.579) represented significantly higher translocation capacity for Cd. The contribution of various environmental factors in influencing BCF was obtained through multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that soil pH was the major factor influencing the BCF. To further explain the influence of four main factors that are soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil Cd concentration on the accumulation efficiency of ornamental plants, a subgroup meta-analysis was performed. Results of the subgroup meta-analysis revealed that the BCF is negatively correlated with the soil pH and SOM, while the estimated limit of soil Cd concentration for growing ornamental plants was up to 50 mg/kg. Results of this study indicate that choosing a native hyperaccumulator is not the sole key to the success of a phytoremediation design, rather the conditions of the pedosphere will determine the regulating factor for efficient removal. In order to overcome the issue of recirculation and gradual release in the rhizosphere, it is important to match the type of hyperaccumulators to the soil environment (pH, CEC, SOM, etc.) to achieve maximum translocation and desired removal. This study will help researchers to pair the right plant with environmental conditions and customize more efficient phytoremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Haritash
- Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
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Lai L, Liu Y, McCracken LM, Li Y, Ren Z. The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: A three-level meta-analysis and a trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Behav Res Ther 2023; 165:104308. [PMID: 37043967 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the benefits of Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception until September 30, 2022. Thirty-three RCTs, including 2293 participants, were included. Small to medium effect sizes for pain intensity/physical function favoring ACT were found both at post-treatment (pain intensity: g = 0.44; physical function: g = 0.59) and follow-up (pain intensity: g = 0.34; physical function: g = 0.56). The effect sizes on psychological outcomes were significant at post-treatment (depression: g = 0.43; anxiety: g = 0.43; quality of life: g = 0.45) and follow-up (depression: g = 0.43; anxiety: g = 0.35; quality of life: g = 0.43). The results of the trial sequential analyses indicated that pooled estimates were unlikely to be incidental findings, as effects of multiple testing were controlled and power was adequate. Face-to-face ACT yielded significantly larger effects on physical outcomes than internet-delivered ACT. Participants with chronic headache and fibromyalgia showed greater benefit from ACT compared to those with non-specific pain or mixed pain. In addition, the longer the follow-up duration, the smaller the effect sizes for pain intensity/physical function at follow-up. The present meta-analysis suggests sufficient evidence for the significant benefits of ACT for people with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizu Lai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), National Intelligent Society Governance Experiment Base (Education), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinong Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), National Intelligent Society Governance Experiment Base (Education), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lance M McCracken
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), National Intelligent Society Governance Experiment Base (Education), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), National Intelligent Society Governance Experiment Base (Education), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
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Tseng HW, Chou FH, Chen CH, Chang YP. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder with Multiple Episodes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1555. [PMID: 36674310 PMCID: PMC9862388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study synthesizes the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression and suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). During treatment, patients with MDD may experience repeated episodes, negative counseling, and suicidal ideation, which can lead to further depression and ultimately affect quality of life. Recent studies have shown that MBCT can improve the level of depression and suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. The literature search for articles up to December 2021 was performed in the following electronic databases: Airiti Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, and the Index of the Taiwan Periodical Literature System. Records were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The quality of study was evaluated using the Modified Jadad Scale score. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.3.5 software with a random-effects model. Thirteen studies (1159 participants) investigating MBCT for patients with MDD were included. The MBCT sessions lasted 1.5-2.5 h and were delivered by therapists five times per week for 8 weeks. The meta-effects of MBCT among patients with MDD showed significant improvement in depression and suicidal ideation. Future research should evaluate the long-term effects of MBCT. MBCT is relatively convenient and effective for preventing and alleviating depression and suicidal ideation. Further research can provide detailed suggestions for effective MBCT implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Tseng
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Chen
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Erdogan T, Serim-Yildiz B, Burnham JJ, Wind SA. Gender differences in children’s fears: A meta-analysis study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2137463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Erdogan
- Department of Educational Sciences, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Joy J. Burnham
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research, Methodology, and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Stefanie A. Wind
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research, Methodology, and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Gopinath K, Narayanamurthy G. Early bird catches the worm! Meta-analysis of autonomous vehicles adoption – Moderating role of automation level, ownership and culture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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The clinical and psychosocial correlates of self-stigma among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders across cultures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:64-78. [PMID: 35963056 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are at heightened risk of experiencing self-stigma, and some cultures are more stigmatizing towards SSD than others. The first purpose of this review is to provide an estimate of the relationship between self-stigma and clinical and psychosocial outcomes. The second purpose is to examine how these relationships vary across cultures. METHOD Studies reporting correlations between self-stigma and outcome variable(s) were identified through electronic database searches from June 1, 2021, to January 2, 2022. Mean effect sizes were calculated using Fisher's r-to-Z-transformation. RESULTS Sixty-three articles (N = 8925, 22 countries) were included in the systematic review and fifty-three articles (N = 7756) were included in the meta-analysis. For the most studied clinical correlates, self-stigma had a moderate, positive correlation with depressive symptoms (r = 0.49, p < .001), a moderate, negative correlation with functioning (r = -0.39, p < .001), and a positive, small correlation with severity of psychotic symptoms (r = 0.29, p < .001), negative symptoms (r = 0.18, p < .001) and positive symptoms (r = 0.13, p = .01). For the most studied psychosocial correlates, self-stigma had a strong, negative correlation with quality of life (r = -0.52, p < .001) and self-esteem (r = -0.55, p < .001). The correlates of self-stigma were similar across cultures. DISCUSSION Self-stigma shows strong to small correlations with clinical and psychosocial variables similarly across cultures. More research is needed to examine underlying mechanisms to develop effective interventions.
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Piray A, Foroutanifar S. Chromium Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Constituents, and Immune Competence of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2876-2888. [PMID: 34417722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to assess the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions, but the shape and strength of the associations between Cr supplementation and broiler chickens' responses to HS remain unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of Cr. The results indicated non-linear dose-response associations between Cr supplementation and body mass gain (BMG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat relative weight (Pnon-linearity < 0.05). The maximum BMG, FI, and the relative weight of carcass, breast, and leg would be achieved with 1200, 1100, 900, 800, and 800 ppb of Cr, respectively, while the lowest FCR and abdominal fat relative weight might be obtained with the supplementation of 1100 and 1000 ppb of Cr, compared with no Cr supplementation. Referring to BMG, supplementation with 1200-1700 ppb inorganic Cr or 2700 ppb or less organic Cr had a significant beneficial effect on the BMG, while NanoCr supplementation did not influence this outcome variable. A non-linear association was observed for blood total cholesterol concentration (TC, Pnon-linearity < 0.05), with the maximum reduction of TC concentration observed at approximately 900 ppb of Cr. The cholesterol-lowering effect of Cr (≤ 2400 ppb) was only found in severe HS conditions. Moreover, supplemental Cr caused a significant linear reduction in the blood triglycerides and glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). The blood concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin increased linearly, and the corticosterone concentration reduced, with increasing supplemental Cr (P < 0.05). There was a non-linear inverse association between Cr supplementation and cortisol level (Pnon-linearity < 0.05), and the lowest concentration of cortisol was observed with the supplementation of 1000 ppb of Cr. Meanwhile, significant positive linear associations between Cr supplementation and bursa percentage, thymus percentage, infectious bronchitis vaccine titer, avian influenza vaccine titer, Newcastle disease vaccine titer, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response, and serum immunoglobulin G level were found (P < 0.05). However, Cr supplementation caused a linear reduction in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the recommended optimum amount of supplemental Cr is 1100 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alihossein Piray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saheb Foroutanifar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6,715,685,418, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Lu D, He Y, Tan Y. Gender, Socioeconomic Status, Cultural Differences, Education, Family Size and Procrastination: A Sociodemographic Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:719425. [PMID: 35069309 PMCID: PMC8766341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Procrastination describes a ubiquitous scenario in which individuals voluntarily postpone scheduled activities at the expense of adverse consequences. Steel (2007) pioneered a meta-analysis to explicitly reveal the nature of procrastination and sparked intensive research on its demographic characteristics. However, conflicting and heterogeneous findings reported in the existing literature make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions. In addition, there is still room to further investigate on more sociodemographic features that include socioeconomic status, cultural differences and procrastination education. To this end, we performed quantitative sociodemographic meta-analyses (k = 193, total n = 106,764) to fill this gap. It was found that the general tendency and academic procrastination tendency of males were stronger than females (r = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.05). No significant effects of differences in socioeconomic status (i.e., poor or rich), multiculturalism (i.e., Han nation or minorities), nationality (i.e., China or other countries), family size (i.e., one child or > 1 child), and educational background (i.e., science or arts/literature) were found to affect procrastination tendencies. Furthermore, it was noteworthy that the gender differences in procrastination tendencies were prominently moderated by measurements, which has a greater effect on the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API) (r = 0.035, 95% CI: -0.01-0.08) than on the General Procrastination Scale (GPS) (r = 0.018, 95% CI: -0.01-0.05). In conclusion, this study provides robust evidence that males tended to procrastinate more than females in general and academic profiles, and further indicates that procrastination tendencies do not vary based on sociodemographic situations, including socioeconomic status, multiculturalism, nationality, family size, and educational background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Lu
- Department of Educational Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Multicultural Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiheng He
- Department of Educational Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Multicultural Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tan
- Department of Educational Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Multicultural Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Weiss NH, Kiefer R, Goncharenko S, Raudales AM, Forkus SR, Schick MR, Contractor AA. Emotion regulation and substance use: A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109131. [PMID: 34864568 PMCID: PMC8714680 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been exponential growth in research on emotion regulation and substance use in the past decade. The current meta-analysis evaluated variability in the magnitude of the relation between aspects of emotion regulation and substance use. A search of PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and PILOTS in December 2020 resulted in 6642 initial studies, of which 95 met inclusion criteria (association between emotion regulation and substance use was reported, participants were > 18 years old, article was in English). A total of 445 effects were obtained (N = 156,025 participants; weighted Mage = 29.31; 59.5% female; 66.1% White; 76.6% non-clinical). Emotion regulation and substance use were significantly related (r = 0.19; p < 0.001; 95%CI [0.17, 0.20]). Emotion regulation abilities were generally more strongly related to substance use than emotion regulation strategies; this pattern was stronger for behavioral vs. cognitive abilities and extended to both negative and positive emotions. Relations were stronger for older and clinical samples; mixed effects were found for sex and no conclusive effects were found for race. Despite limitations of the existing literature (e.g., cross-sectional, self-reports), results indicated that the magnitude of the relation between emotion regulation and substance use varied considerably as a function of emotion regulation and substance use constructs and sample characteristics.
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18
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Diem Le CT, Pakurár M, Kun IA, Oláh J. The impact of factors on information sharing: An application of meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260653. [PMID: 34936657 PMCID: PMC8694565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information sharing plays a key role in supply chain performance. According to previous individual studies, technology, trust, commitment, and uncertainty are four potential factors affecting information sharing. However, most studies focus on testing a positive relationship between each factor and information sharing. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of each factor on information sharing. OBJECTIVE To determine the accurate effect of factors on sharing information and propose key factors to support decision-makers in improving their information sharing. DATA Correlation coefficients between factors are collected from 41 individual studies with a total of 8,983 samples on Google Scholar. METHODS Using the rank correlation test and Egger's regression test to test publication bias. The meta-analysis method is used to perform analysis models, including fixed-effect, random-effect, and Hunter and Schmidt methods. RESULTS Commitment plays the most important role in information sharing when compared to technology, trust, and uncertainty. Commitment accounts for 19% in the Hunter and Schmidt method and 22% in both fixed-effect and random-effect models. In addition, the result indicates that there are around 50% of other factors that affect the efficiency of sharing information besides four factors in our studies. CONCLUSION Technology, trust, and commitment significantly affect information sharing, of which the impact of commitment on information sharing is strongest and should be a priority in improving the effectiveness of information sharing. Our study contributes two findings to literature in the field of supply chain information sharing: 1) certain confirming the important role of commitment on sharing information, and 2) the necessity of considering other factors besides these four elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Thi Diem Le
- Institute of Applied Informatics and Logistics, University of Debrecen,
Debrecen, Hungary
- Quality Assurance Department, Ho Chi Minh City University of
Technology-HCM Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam
| | - Miklós Pakurár
- Institute of Applied Informatics and Logistics, University of Debrecen,
Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István András Kun
- Institute of Management and Organization Sciences, University of
Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Oláh
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen,
Hungary
- College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg,
Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Rodríguez-Rivas ME, Cangas AJ, Cariola LA, Varela JJ, Valdebenito S. Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2021; 10:e35099. [PMID: 35635744 PMCID: PMC9153904 DOI: 10.2196/35099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma toward people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the impacted individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. Objective This review aims to systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions on stigmatization levels. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and included studies in English and Spanish published between 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in 5 different databases (ie, PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results Based on the 1158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n=1832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64; 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). Conclusions Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021261935; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021261935
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías E Rodríguez-Rivas
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Adolfo J Cangas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Laura A Cariola
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge J Varela
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Valdebenito
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Kim S. Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Steroid Pulse Therapy in Treating Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Open Nurs J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602115010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
High-dose steroid injection therapy is effective in reducing anti-inflammation and edema and is often used to treat patients with acute spinal cord injury. To evaluate the effectiveness of steroid pulse therapy and identify the factors that affect its effectiveness in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of the databases Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and CINAHL was performed on July 31, 2019, with no language and time limits. For analysis, studies conducted within the last 10 years were included to reflect on the recent trend.
Results:
A total of 3 randomized controlled trials and 5 observational studies with 2418 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High-dose steroid injection therapy was found to have a high effect on patients with acute spinal cord injury. The following factors had a strong influence on the effectiveness of high-dose steroid treatment in patients with acute spinal cord injuries: injury, onset ASIA, onset neurological assessment scales, time to start treatment after injury, age, BMI, and gender.
Conclusion:
It is necessary to accurately assess the scope of spinal injury in the early stages and actively provide nursing interventions to identify and mediate factors affecting the treatment effect.
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21
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Lai BY, Yu BW, Chu AJ, Liang SB, Jia LY, Liu JP, Fan YY, Pei XH. Risk factors for lactation mastitis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251182. [PMID: 33983987 PMCID: PMC8118550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactation mastitis (LM) affects approximately 3% to 33% of postpartum women and the risk factors of LM have been extensively studied. However, some results in the literature reports are still not conclusive due to the complexity of LM etiology and variation in the populations. To provide nationally representative evidence of the well-accepted risk factors for LM in China, this study was aimed to systematically summary the risk factors for LM among Chinese women and to determine the effect size of individual risk factor. Material and methods Six major Chinses and English electronic literature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang Database and China Science Technology Journal Database) were searched from their inception to December 5st, 2020. Two authors extracted data and assessed the quality of included trials, independently. The strength of the association was summarized using the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The population attributable risk (PAR) percent was calculated for significant risk factors. Results Fourteen studies involving 8032 participants were included. A total of 18 potential risk factors were eventually evaluated. Significant risk factors for LM included improper milking method (OR 6.79, 95%CI 3.45–13.34; PAR 59.14%), repeated milk stasis (OR 6.23, 95%CI 4.17–9.30; PAR 49.75%), the first six months postpartum (OR 5.11, 95%CI 2.66–9.82; PAR 65.93%), postpartum rest time less than 3 months (OR 4.71, 95%CI 3.92–5.65; PAR 56.95%), abnormal nipple or crater nipple (OR 3.94, 95%CI 2.34–6.63; PAR 42.05%), breast trauma (OR 3.07, 95%CI 2.17–4.33; PAR 15.98%), improper breastfeeding posture (OR 2.47, 95%CI 2.09–2.92; PAR 26.52%), postpartum prone sleeping position (OR 2.46, 95%CI 1.58–3.84; PAR 17.42%), little or no nipple cleaning (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.58–2.65; PAR 24.73%), primipara (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.25–2.41; PAR 32.62%), low education level (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.09–2.43; PAR 23.29%), cesarean section (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.26–1.81; PAR 18.61%), breast massage experience of non-medical staff (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82; PAR 15.31%) and postpartum mood disorders (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.06–2.02; PAR 21.27%). Conclusions This review specified several important risk factors for LM in China. In particular, the incidence of LM can be reduced by controlling some of the modifiable risk factors such as improper breastfeeding posture, improper milking method, repeated milk stasis, nipple cleaning, breast massage experience of non-medical staff and postpartum sleeping posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yong Lai
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Wen Yu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Jing Chu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bing Liang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yan Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yi Fan
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XHP); (YYF)
| | - Xiao-Hua Pei
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Xiamen Hospital of Beijing Universality of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XHP); (YYF)
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Resende PS, Viana‐Junior AB, Young RJ, Azevedo CS. What is better for animal conservation translocation programmes: Soft‐ or hard‐release? A phylogenetic meta‐analytical approach. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma S. Resende
- Universidade Federal de São João del‐ReiPós‐graduação em Ecologia Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Arleu B. Viana‐Junior
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade e EvoluçãoCoordenação de ZoologiaMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano S. Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoPós‐graduação em Ecologia de Biomas TropicaisDepartamento de BiodiversidadeEvolução e Meio Ambiente Ouro Preto Brazil
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Yıldırım AB. The effect of exercise on the total number of BrdU + cell counts in rats' hippocampal dentate gyrus: A meta-analysis study. Brain Res 2021; 1766:147512. [PMID: 33961895 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Burçin Yıldırım
- Gaziantep Islam, Science and Technology University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology-Embriyology Department, Turkey
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24
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Haugan G, Deliktaş Demirci A, Kabukcuoglu K, Aune I. Self-transcendence among adults 65 years and older: A meta-analysis. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 36:3-15. [PMID: 33522632 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-transcendence is a human capacity for wellbeing by expanding one's personal boundaries and may act as a health-promoting resource among adults ≥65 years. Therefore, the objectives of this meta-analysis were to determine the mean score of self-transcendence based on place of residence and gender, and to evaluate the correlations of self-transcendence with meaning, sense of coherence, resilience and depression. METHODS Based on inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. Orwin Safe N and Egger's test assessed publication bias. The mean score of self-transcendence and the correlation coefficients of the selected variables were estimated by random effects models. RESULTS The self-transcendence mean score (n = 1634) was low (M = 43.6) and a bit lower among those staying in care facilities (M = 42.8), but did not vary significantly across gender. The correlation coefficients were self-transcendence_depression (r = -0.40), self-transcendence_meaning-in-life (r = 0.53), self-transcendence_resilience (r = 0.50) and self-transcendence_sense of coherence (r = 0.28). The correlation coefficients, except for meaning-in-life, were homogeneous. CONCLUSION In a health-promoting perspective, the concept of self-transcendence can help to better understand wellbeing among older individuals and provide guidance for health professionals in facilitating wellbeing and health. The concept and theory of self-transcendence can inspire health professionals in realising new health-promoting approaches to support older individuals in maintaining health, wellbeing and independency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Ingvild Aune
- NTNU Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Altobelli E, Angeletti PM, Marziliano C, Mastrodomenico M, Giuliani AR, Petrocelli R. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic and Lipid Profile in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020404. [PMID: 33514002 PMCID: PMC7912109 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important issue for public health, and it is growing in the world. In recent years, there has been a growing research interest on efficacy evidence of the curcumin use in the regulation of glycemia and lipidaemia. The molecular structure of curcumins allows to intercept reactive oxygen species (ROI) that are particularly harmful in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis models. The aim of our study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of curcumin on glycemic and lipid profile in subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes. The papers included in the meta-analysis were sought in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases as of October 2020. The sizes were pooled across studies in order to obtain an overall effect size. A random effects model was used to account for different sources of variation among studies. Cohen’s d, with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of the effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed while using Q statistics. The ANOVA-Q test was used to value the differences among groups. Publication bias was analyzed and represented by a funnel plot. Curcumin treatment does not show a statistically significant reduction between treated and untreated patients. On the other hand, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed a statistically significant reduction in subjects that were treated with curcumin, respectively (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p = 0.021). When considering HBA1c, the meta-regressions only showed statistical significance for gender (p = 0.034). Our meta-analysis seems to confirm the benefits on glucose metabolism, with results that appear to be more solid than those of lipid metabolism. However, further studies are needed in order to test the efficacy and safety of curcumin in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Altobelli
- Department of Life, Public Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (A.R.G.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-434666; Fax: +39-0862-432903
| | - Paolo Matteo Angeletti
- Department of Life, Public Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (A.R.G.)
- Rianimazione e TIPO Cardiochirurgica, Ospedale G. Mazzini, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Ciro Marziliano
- Department of Life, Public Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Marianna Mastrodomenico
- Department of Life, Public Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Anna Rita Giuliani
- Department of Life, Public Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (A.R.G.)
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Kim SH, Han SJ, Park YB, Kim DH, Lee HJ, Pujol N. A systematic review comparing the results of early vs delayed ligament surgeries in single anterior cruciate ligament and multiligament knee injuries. Knee Surg Relat Res 2021; 33:1. [PMID: 33413656 PMCID: PMC7792064 DOI: 10.1186/s43019-020-00086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and incidence of concomitant injuries in patients undergoing early vs delayed surgical treatment of single anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and multiligament knee injury (MLKI). METHODS A literature search using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus from their inception to April 30, 2020 was conducted. Studies with levels I to IV evidence reporting the incidence of meniscus or cartilage injury according to early vs delayed surgery in single ACL injuries and MLKIs were included. In the meta-analysis, data based on the number of meniscus and cartilage injuries were extracted and pooled. Lysholm and Tegner scores were analyzed using two-sample Z-tests to calculate the non-weighted mean difference (NMD). A meta-regression analysis was also performed to determine the effect of single ACL injury and MLKI/study design. RESULTS Sixteen studies on single ACL injury and 14 studies on MLKI were included in this analysis. In the analysis, there were significant decreases in Lysholm score (NMD - 5.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) - 7.37 to - 3.23]) and Tegner score (NMD - 0.25 [95% CI - 0.45 to - 0.05]) and increases in risk of meniscus tear (odds ratio [OR] 1.73 [95% CI 1.1-2.73], p = 0.01) and cartilage injury (OR 2.48 [95% CI 1.46-4.2], p = 0.0007) in the delayed surgery group regardless of single ACL injury or MLKI. The result of the meta-regression analysis indicated that single ACL injury and MLKI/study design were not significant moderators of overall heterogeneity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that delayed ACL surgery significantly resulted in a higher risk of meniscus tear and cartilage injury and decreased Lysholm and Tegner scores compared to early ACL surgery. The Lysholm scores in the delayed MLKI surgery group were significantly decreased, but the risks of meniscus tear and cartilage injury in the delayed MLKI surgery group remained unclear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyundae General Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyundae General Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyundae General Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas Pujol
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.
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Luigi M, Dellazizzo L, Giguère CÉ, Goulet MH, Dumais A. Shedding Light on "the Hole": A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Adverse Psychological Effects and Mortality Following Solitary Confinement in Correctional Settings. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:840. [PMID: 32973582 PMCID: PMC7468496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review and meta-analyze the psychological effects and mortality rate in inmates having been exposed to solitary confinement in correctional settings. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords describing solitary confinement in combination with keywords for psychological or mortality outcomes. Eligible case-control studies for the systematic review met an operational definition for solitary confinement and evaluated outcomes after exposure to such confinement. Studies presenting statistical data which allowed to compute standardized mean differences for symptom scales or odds ratio for mortality were further meta-analyzed using random-effects models. RESULTS Systematic review identified 13 studies for inclusion, with a total sample of 382,440 inmates (23% having been exposed to solitary confinement). Higher quality evidence showed solitary confinement was associated with an increase in adverse psychological effects, self-harm, and mortality, especially by suicide. Meta-analysis of five studies (n = 4,517) showed a standardized mean difference of 0.45 for general psychological symptomatology, which increased to 0.51 upon outlier exclusion. Small to moderate significant effects were observed for mood, psychotic, and hostility symptoms specifically. In addition, meta-analysis of two mortality studies (n = 243,050) showed a trend for a moderate effect for mortality by any or unnatural causes (i.e., suicide, homicide, overdose, and accidents). CONCLUSIONS Analyses showed that solitary confinement is associated with the psychological deterioration of inmates. This effect appears to be beyond that of general incarceration or presence of prior mental illness. Thus, solitary confinement may pose significant harm for inmates. Still, further studies are required to show that exposure to SC can increase risk of post-release death. Finally, add-on treatments and alternatives to solitary confinement that could alleviate the associated psychological harm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Luigi
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departement of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Dellazizzo
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departement of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Alexandre Dumais
- Research Center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departement of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
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O'Hanlon FJ, Fragkos KC, Fini L, Patel PS, Mehta SJ, Rahman F, Di Caro S. Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:943-955. [PMID: 32586120 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1784441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in patients with incurable cancer remains controversial with significant variation worldwide. We aimed to systematically evaluate the literature from 1960 to 2018 examining the use of HPN in advanced cancer patients for all intestinal failure indications and assess the potential benefits/burdens of HPN in this cohort of patients. The primary end point was survival and secondary end points were quality of life and nutritional/performance status. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model, where suitable. Of 493 studies retrieved, 22 met the quality inclusion criteria. Studies were mainly conducted in Western countries (Italy, USA, Canada, Germany), including a total of 3564 patients (mean age 57.8 years). Mean duration for HPN was 5.0 mo. Mean overall survival was 7.3 mo. Patients with improved performance status survived for longer on HPN. Quality of life was sparsely reported though there was no observed negative impact of PN. HPN-related complications were reported in eight studies only and were mainly catheter-related blood stream infections. In conclusion, HPN is used for several indications in advanced cancer, though there is significant heterogeneity of results. Disparities in geographical distribution of the studies may reflect variation in accessing HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J O'Hanlon
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos C Fragkos
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucia Fini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Busto Arsizio Hospital, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Pinal S Patel
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shameer J Mehta
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Farooq Rahman
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simona Di Caro
- Intestinal Failure Service, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Sauvé G, Lavigne KM, Pochiet G, Brodeur MB, Lepage M. Efficacy of psychological interventions targeting cognitive biases in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 78:101854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The Impact of Human Milk on Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051322. [PMID: 32384652 PMCID: PMC7284425 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Premature infants receiving breastfeed have a lower incidence of NEC than those fed preterm formula. This study aimed: (1) to update a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the relationship between feeding and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low weight premature infants; (2) to conduct meta-regression analyses by subgroups; (3) to describe geographical distribution of milk banks in the world. Methods. Papers included in the meta-analysis were updated as of June 2019. Relative risks were used as a measure of effect size. Random effect models were used to account for different sources of variation among studies. For milk banks, the data reviewed by the literature were integrated with the information collected from countries’ institutional sites and milk bank networks. Results. Thirty-two papers were included in meta-analysis: six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 26 observational studies (OS). The census has found 572 milk banks around in the world. Brazil has the most active milk banks. RCTs meta-analysis indicates a risk reduction of NEC using human milk respect to formula: Relative risk (RR) = 0.62 (0.42–0.93). Seven OS compared quantities lower than human milk or higher than the 50th quantile showing a risk reduction of NEC:RR = 0.51 (0.31–0.85); 3 OS that evaluated human milk versus mixed feeding showing that human milk has a protective role on the development of NEC:RR = 0.74 (0.63–0.91). Results of subgroups analysis show that the risk reduction is statistically significant only for studies in which premature infants are given both their own and donated breastmilk. Conclusions. The possibility of preserving human milk and promoting donations guarantees an improvement in the health of newborns.
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Chan JSY, Deng K, Wu J, Yan JH. Effects of Meditation and Mind-Body Exercises on Older Adults' Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 59:e782-e790. [PMID: 30796782 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Meditation and mind-body exercises are suggested to delay decline or enhance cognitive capabilities in older adults. However, their effectiveness remains uncertain. This study assessed the effectiveness of meditation and mind-body exercises to improve cognition in elderly people aged 60 years or above. Moderator variables were also explored. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A databases search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wangfang) was conducted from the first available date to January 10, 2018. Inclusion criteria include (a) human older adults aged 60 years or above, (b) meditation, Tai Chi, Qigong, or yoga intervention, (c) intervention should be structured, (d) inclusion of a control group, (e) at least one outcome measure of cognition was measured at baseline and post-training, and (f) peer-reviewed journal articles in English or Chinese. RESULTS Forty-one studies (N = 3,551) were included in the meta-analysis. In general, meditation and mind-body exercises improve cognition in the elderly people (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.48), but the cognition-enhancing effects depend on the type of exercise. In addition, cognitive performance is only improved when the length of intervention is longer than 12 weeks, exercise frequency is 3-7 times/week, or duration of an exercise session is 45-60 min/session. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that meditation and mind-body exercises are effective to improve cognition of older adults aged 60 years or above, and exercise parameters should be considered for intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Y Chan
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Kanfeng Deng
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jin H Yan
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, Shenzhen University, China
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Changal KH, Khan MS, Bashir R, Sheikh MA. Curcumin Preparations Can Improve Flow-Mediated Dilation and Endothelial Function: A Meta-Analysis. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:272-281. [PMID: 32101871 DOI: 10.1159/000506180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), measured by ultrasonography, is used to noninvasively assess endothelial dysfunction. Preparations of curcumin, a naturally occurring pigment found in turmeric, may improve FMD and thus endothelial dysfunction. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effect of curcumin preparations on endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Five randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was an improvement in FMD, as measured at brachial artery, after supplementations with curcumin preparations compared to the control group. Standardized mean difference and Hedges' g were used for effect size (ES) measurement. An ES of 0.2-0.5 is considered small, 0.5-0.8 is medium, and more than 0.8 is large. Publication bias was studied too. RESULTS We found supplementation with curcumin preparations had an overall ES (standard difference in means) of 1.379 (95% CI 0.485-2.274, p = 0.003) on FMD. The overall Hedges' g was 1.353 (95% CI 0.47-2.235, p = 0.03). This analysis suggests a positive and large ES of curcumin preparations on FMD using a random effect model. Smokers had a smaller increase in FMD compared to nonsmokers (ES 0.379 vs. 1.639, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of 5 randomized clinical trials indicates a significant effect of curcumin preparations to increase the FMD compared to placebo and thus endothelial function. This effect is not strongly noticed in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hamid Changal
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA,
| | | | - Rehana Bashir
- Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
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Fragkos KC, Makrykosta P, Frangos CC. Structural empowerment is a strong predictor of organizational commitment in nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:939-962. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christos C. Frangos
- Greek Research Institute for the Study of Quantitative, Social and Biomedical Problems Athens Greece
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Li M, Hung A, Lenon GB, Yang AWH. Chinese herbal formulae for the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222383. [PMID: 31536531 PMCID: PMC6752783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulae for managing menopausal hot flushes (MHF). METHODS Seven English and Chinese databases were searched for studies from respective inceptions to February 2019. Randomized controlled trials investigating the clinical effects and safety of CHM formulae on MHF were considered for inclusion. The outcomes of subjective feelings (MHF and quality of life), objective changes (hormones and peripheral blood flow) and safety were analyzed. The most frequently prescribed formulae and herbs were summarized. RESULTS Nineteen randomized clinical trials involving 2469 patients were included. When compared to menopausal hormone therapy, CHM had similar effects to menopausal hormone therapy on total effectiveness rate (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.35) and total Kupperman index (KI) score (SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.36), and could significantly reduce vasomotor symptom score (MD -0.43, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.31) and upper-body peripheral blood flow (MD -3.56, 95% CI -5.14 to -1.98 under the jaw, MD -7.10, 95% CI -11.01 to -3.19 in the fingertip). When compared to placebo, CHM could reduce MHF severity (MD -0.70, 95% CI-1.00 to -0.40) and improve total KI score (MD -12.61, 95% CI -15.21 to -10.01). However, no statistically significant changes to hormone levels were detected. Most commonly seen adverse events were mild gastrointestinal tract reactions. The most popularly studied formula was Kun Tai capsule and the most frequently prescribed herb was Bai shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). More than 50% included studies had low risks of bias in the domains of selection, performance, attrition and reporting. CONCLUSIONS This review indicated that CHM formulae were safe to be applied in MHF females and able to improve MHF-related symptom scores as well as the peripheral blood flow. Further studies should focus on specific formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Wei Hong Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Du N, Chen M, Shen Z, Li S, Chen P, Khadaroo PA, Mao D, Gu L. Comparison of Quality of Life and Nutritional Status of Between Roux-en-Y and Billroth-I Reconstruction After Distal Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:849-857. [PMID: 31460799 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1656262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This paper purports to use a meta-analysis to compare the postoperative quality of life (QoL) and nutritional status of between Roux-en-Y (R-Y) and Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction after distal gastrectomy.Methods: For this study, the following databases were searched for articles published from inception until December 2018: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library.Results: A total of 13 eligible studies, covering 3645 patients, were selected for a meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with B-I group in term of short-term outcomes, patients undergoing R-Y reconstruction did not only have significantly better physiological function (P = 0.02), but had significantly less pain (P = 0.04). In the long-term outcomes, the dyspnea and constipation in the B-I group were worse than that in the R-Y group (P = 0.004; P = 0.04, respectively). Patients in the B-I group had higher cholesterol than those in the R-Y group at 5 years postoperatively (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in termof other nutritional indicators including total protein, cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin and weight in short-term outcomes.Conclusions: The final conclusion was that R-Y may be superior to the B-I reconstruction in some aspects of QoL. Besides, R-Y reconstruction could reduce the patient's cholesterol level for a long time. For the short-term outcomes, there were no significant differences in other common nutritional indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University and Ningbo City Third Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Parishit A Khadaroo
- Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danyi Mao
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihu Gu
- Department of General Surgery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Picken C, Fragkos KC, Eddama M, Coghlan G, Clapp LH. Adverse Events of Prostacyclin Mimetics in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E481. [PMID: 30970653 PMCID: PMC6517977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin mimetics (PMs) are effective for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, their clinical use may be limited by their adverse events. This study aims to quantify the different PM adverse events (AEs) with regard to their selectivity towards the prostacyclin (IP) receptor and their administrative routes. The study included randomised, placebo-controlled trials comparing iloprost, beraprost, treprostinil, and selexipag to placebo (published 2002–2016). We report the group efficacy differences between treatment and placebo by weighted and standardised mean difference. The probability of adverse events was determined by the odds ratio (OR). Of the 14 randomised clinical trials involving 3518 PAH patients, outcome and adverse event data were meta-analysed by drug type and route of administration. Prostacyclin mimetics comparison demonstrated a more significant discontinuation of the IP-selective agonist, selexipag, due to an adverse event (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5, 3.3). Compared to placebo, site pain associated with subcutaneously administered treprostinil was the most significant likely adverse event (OR = 17.5; 95% CI: 11.1, 27.1). Parenteral PMs were associated with fewer adverse effects overall. The overall efficacy of PMs to improve 6-minute walk distance by 16.3 meters was significant (95% CI: 13.0, 19.7). Decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance index (SMD = -5.5; 95% CI: -10.1, -0.9; I² = 98%) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (SMD = -1.0; 95% CI: -2.6, -0.7; I² = 99%) in treatment groups were found to be significant. Adverse event profiles varied in response to administration route and PM type but were not negated by use of a selective IP agonist. Prostacyclin mimetics exposure to non-target IP receptors may underpin some AEs reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Picken
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | | | - Mohammad Eddama
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Fragkos KC, Sotiropoulos I, Frangos CC. Empathy assessment in healthcare students is highly heterogeneous: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2012-2016). World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:1-30. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical empathy leads to improved patient satisfaction and better clinical outcomes. Currently, there are multiple empathy scales with minimal or no efforts to produce an integrated definition of clinical empathy which can be assessed sufficiently by only a few scales. Moreover, there is an unclear overall reliability of these empathy scales, hence limiting comparative evaluation.
AIM To examine which empathy scales have been used in healthcare students and to estimate their overall internal consistency.
METHODS A systematic review was performed with inclusion criteria any empirical study with quantitative data examining empathy of healthcare students toward patients between 2012 and 2016. A random effects model was used to produce a pooled estimate of the Cronbach’s alphas. The Hakstian-Whalen transformation was used for analyses based on the Rodriguez-Maeda method. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic and further investigated with subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s test, Begg’s test, and the trim and fill analysis.
RESULTS Thirteen scales have been used to assess clinical empathy in healthcare students from forty nine studies with total sample size 49384 students. The most frequently used scale is the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy followed by Davis’ Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The overall reliability was 0.805 (95%CI 0.786-0.823), which is acceptable, but there was heterogeneity and publication bias. Some heterogeneity was explained by the different countries of the studies under investigation and student types but most heterogeneity remained unexplained.
CONCLUSION The results indicate that scales have satisfactory internal consistency but there are a multitude of scales, definitions and empathy components. Future research should focus on standardizing scales and creating consensus statements regarding the definition of empathy and use of appropriate scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Fragkos
- GI Services, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, United Kingdom
- Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Ioannina, Psathaki 481 00 Preveza, Greece
| | - Christos C Frangos
- Greek Research Institute for the Study of Quantitative, Social and Biomedical Problems, Athens 141 21, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Nair
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Kuo CC, Su YJ, Lin CC. A systematic review and meta-analysis: Effectiveness of internet empowerment-based self-management interventions on adults with metabolic diseases. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:1787-1802. [PMID: 29574977 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To synthesize the effects of Internet empowerment-based self-management interventions on adults with metabolic diseases. BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases are prevalent and burden healthcare systems; they have become a major health problem worldwide. The effects of IESMIs on lifestyle changes have been shown to improve adults' physiological and psychological conditions. However, we found no systematic review evaluating these effects. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, conducted according to the Cochrane handbook. DATA RESOURCES A literature search was conducted using the Airiti Library, Association for Computing Machinery, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE and Index of the Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases (earliest-June 2016). REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers used the Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Extracted data were entered and analysed using RevMan 5.3.5 software. Inverse variance was used to estimate effect sizes. Weighted and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty-one randomized controlled trials were reviewed. Meta-analysis showed that the intervention significantly improved adults' exercise habits, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, body weight, empowerment levels and quality of life. CONCLUSION The intervention significantly improve the health status of adults with metabolic diseases, in particular their exercise habits, HbA1c levels, body weight, empowerment and quality of life. The intervention provides more convenient and faster access to healthcare for busy individuals with time constraints. These results suggest that healthcare professionals could develop accessible and friendly interactive online interfaces for patients to expand the use of these interventions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Kuo
- Emergency Department, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Su
- Nursing Department, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Lin
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ameliorative effects of Tai Chi on cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2091-2102. [PMID: 29564620 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cancer-related fatigue (CRF). METHODS Nine databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and four Chinese databases) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on CRF. The reference lists given in the identified RCTs were also reviewed to identify potentially relevant studies. RESULTS Six RCTs involving 373 patients were included. The change in short- and long-term CRF (SCRF and LCRF, respectively) was calculated as the change in the mean score for CRF from baseline to the end of intervention period and to the end of post-intervention follow-up, respectively. Pooled results suggested that Tai Chi had a significant positive effect on standard mean difference (i.e., SCRF; SMD = - 0.54; p < 0.0001), but the impact on LCRF remained unclear. Subgroup analyses of SCRF indicated positive effects of Tai Chi among patients with breast (SMD = - 0.81; p < 0.00001) and lung cancer (SMD = - 0.50; p = 0.002), but not prostate cancer (p = 0.98). Tai Chi also had effects on SCRF that were superior to physical exercise and psychological support (SMD = - 0.49 and - 0.84, respectively; both p < 0.05). A longer intervention time (8-12 weeks) benefited SCRF more than a shorter time (SMD = - 1.08 and - 0.36, respectively; both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Tai Chi for more than 8 weeks has short-term ameliorative effects on CRF, especially among patients with breast and lung cancer. Its beneficial effects are superior to physical exercise and psychological support. It remains unclear whether there are long-term benefits, and further study is needed.
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Fragkos KC, Forbes A. Citrulline as a marker of intestinal function and absorption in clinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 6:181-191. [PMID: 29511548 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617737632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citrulline has been described as a marker of intestinal function or absorption but evidence varies according to clinical settings. Objective The objective of this article is to examine the evidence of plasma citrulline as a marker of intestinal function and absorption in various clinical settings. Methods Studies were examined for p values, means and standard deviations, correlation coefficients or other metrics depicting the association of citrulline with intestinal function. A random effects model was used to produce a pooled estimate. A hierarchical summary receiver operating curve model was fitted for diagnostic accuracy measures. Results Citrulline levels are correlated strongly with small bowel length in short bowel syndrome patients (r = 0.67). Citrulline is strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.56) with intestinal disease severity with regards to enteropathies (coeliac disease, tropical enteropathy, Crohn's disease, mucositis, acute rejection in intestinal transplantation). Citrulline cut-off levels have an overall sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 84% respectively. Citrulline levels in untreated coeliac patients compared to controls were reduced by 10 µmol/l. Citrulline levels increase with gluten-free diet and with improvement of enteropathy. Citrulline is decreased in critical illness and sepsis. Conclusion These findings allow us to advocate quite reasonably that citrulline is a marker of acute and chronic intestinal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair Forbes
- University of East Anglia, Norwich and Norfolk Medical School, Norwich, UK
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Low-FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090940. [PMID: 28846594 PMCID: PMC5622700 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 7–15% of the general population. A recently devised dietary approach consists of restricting foods with highly fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), which can trigger and/or exacerbate IBS symptoms. The aim of this study is to use meta-analysis to provide an update on the randomised control trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and examine them separately in relation to diet type. Papers were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. Cohen’s d and odds ratios were used as a measure of effect size for RCTs. A random effects model was used to account for different sources of variation among studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q statistics, I2, Tau, and Tau2. Publication bias was analysed and represented by a funnel plot, and funnel plot symmetry was assessed with Egger’s test. The results showed that in the RCTs, the patients receiving a low-FODMAP diet experienced a statistically significant pain and bloating reduction compared with those receiving a traditional diet; as regards to stool consistency, there was no significant difference between treatments. A significant reduction in abdominal pain and bloating were described by patients receiving a low-FODMAP diet compared with those receiving a high-FODMAP diet. In cohort studies, pain and bloating were significantly reduced after treatment compared with the baseline diet. We conclude that there is evidence that a low-FODMAP diet could have a favourable impact on IBS symptoms, especially abdominal pain and bloating. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether a low-FODMAP diet is superior to conventional IBS diets, especially in the long term.
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Lex C, Bäzner E, Meyer TD. Does stress play a significant role in bipolar disorder? A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:298-308. [PMID: 27794254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that stressful life events (LE) play a crucial role in the etiology of bipolar affective disorder (BD). However, primary studies, as well as narrative reviews, have provided mixed results. The present meta-analysis combined and analyzed previous data in order to address these inconsistencies. METHOD Forty-two studies published in 53 records were identified by systematically searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PSYCHINDEX using the terms "bipolar disorder" OR "manic-depressive" OR "bipolar affective disorder" OR "mania" AND "stress" OR "life event" OR "daily hassles" OR "goal attainment". Then, meta-analyses were conducted. RESULTS Individuals diagnosed with BD reported more LE before relapse when compared to euthymic phases. They also experienced more LE relative to healthy individuals and to physically ill patients. No significant difference in the number of LE was found when BD was compared to unipolar depression and schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS When interpreting the present meta-analytic findings one should keep in mind that most included studies were retrospective and often did not specify relevant information, e.g., if the LE were chronic or acute or if the individuals were diagnosed with BD I or II. We could not entirely rule out a publication bias. CONCLUSION The present meta-analyses found that individuals with BD were sensitive to LE, which corroborates recent theoretical models and psychosocial treatment approaches of BD. Childbirth, as a specific LE, affected individuals with BD more than individuals with unipolar depression. Future studies that investigate specific LE are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lex
- Villach General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Austria
| | - Eva Bäzner
- Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas D Meyer
- Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; McGovern Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
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Fragkos KC, Tsagris M, Frangos CC. Exploring the distribution for the estimator of Rosenthal's ‘fail-safe’ number of unpublished studies in meta-analysis. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2015.1109664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michail Tsagris
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos C. Frangos
- Department of Business Administration, Technological Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fragkos KC, Zárate-Lopez N, Frangos CC. What about clonidine for diarrhoea? A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effect in humans. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:282-301. [PMID: 27134659 PMCID: PMC4830099 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15625586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonidine is considered an alternative treatment for refractory diarrhoea. The evidence in the literature is scarce and not conclusive. The present paper's purpose is to gather available evidence and provide a systematic answer regarding the effectiveness of clonidine for diarrhoea. METHOD We performed a systematic review of clonidine and its effect on diarrhoea. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model of the standardized mean difference (SMD) or the weighted mean difference and heterogeneity was quantified with I (2) and publication bias was assessed with Egger's and Begg's test. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to investigate sources of heterogeneity. Any empirical study describing use of clonidine for diarrhoea in humans independent of age was included. For the meta-analysis, papers had to provide sufficient data to produce an effect measure, while case reports were not included in the meta-analysis and are discussed narratively only. RESULTS A total of 24 trials and seven case reports were identified. Clonidine (median dose 300 μg/day) has been used for treatment of diarrhoea in irritable bowel syndrome, faecal incontinence, diabetes, withdrawal-associated diarrhoea, intestinal failure, neuroendocrine tumours and cholera; studies were also performed on healthy volunteers. Results indicate a strong effect of clonidine on diarrhoea (SMD = -1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.46 to -0.58) with a decrease of stool volume by 0.97 l/day, stool frequency by 0.4 times/day and increase in transit time by 31 minutes. In a sensitivity analysis of studies with functional diarrhoea and sample size over 10 subjects, the effect was similar -0.99 (95% CI -1.54 to -0.43). There is however significant heterogeneity and publication bias. Heterogeneity decreased in subgroup analyses by condition but not with other factors examined. A limitation of the present study includes small study effects. CONCLUSION Clonidine is effective for treatment of diarrhoea and should be considered as an alternative when all other medications have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Zárate-Lopez
- GI Physiology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Christos C. Frangos
- Department of Business Administration, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Payette MC, Bélanger C, Léveillé V, Grenier S. Fall-Related Psychological Concerns and Anxiety among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152848. [PMID: 27043139 PMCID: PMC4820267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear of falling and other fall-related psychological concerns (FRPCs), such as falls-efficacy and balance confidence, are highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults. Anxiety and FRPCs have frequently, but inconsistently, been found to be associated in the literature. The purpose of this study is to clarify those inconsistencies with a systematic review and meta-analysis and to evaluate if the strength of this relationship varies based on the different FRPC constructs used (e.g., fear of falling, falls-efficacy or balance confidence). A systematic review was conducted through multiple databases (e.g., MEDLINE, PsycINFO) to include all articles published before June 10th 2015 that measured anxiety and FRPCs in community-dwelling older adults. Active researchers in the field were also contacted in an effort to include unpublished studies. The systematic review led to the inclusion of twenty relevant articles (n = 4738). A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that the mean effect size for fear of falling and anxiety is r = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.22-0.40), Z = 6.49, p < 0.001 and the mean effect size for falls-efficacy or balance confidence and anxiety is r = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23-0.40), Z = 6.72, p < 0.001. A Q-test for heterogeneity revealed that the two effect sizes are not significantly different (Q(19) = 0.13, p = n.s.). This study is the first meta-analysis on the relationship between anxiety and FRPCs among community-dwelling older adults. It demonstrates the importance of considering anxiety when treating older adults with FRPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Payette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire d'Étude sur l'Anxiété et la Dépression gÉRiatrique (LEADER), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Bélanger
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Léveillé
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire d'Étude sur l'Anxiété et la Dépression gÉRiatrique (LEADER), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Grenier
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire d'Étude sur l'Anxiété et la Dépression gÉRiatrique (LEADER), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Spinou A, Fragkos KC, Lee KK, Elston C, Siegert RJ, Loebinger MR, Wilson R, Garrod R, Birring SS. The validity of health-related quality of life questionnaires in bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2016; 71:683-94. [PMID: 26869589 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of questionnaires have been used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in bronchiectasis. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate their psychometric properties and assess associations between HRQOL and clinical measures. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched. Studies eligible for inclusion were those that investigated the validity of HRQOL questionnaires and/or their association with other outcomes in adults with bronchiectasis. Patients with cystic fibrosis were excluded. The identified questionnaires were assessed for convergent, discriminant and cross-cultural translation validity; missing data, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, responsiveness and test-retest reliability. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the strength of associations between HRQOL and clinical measures. RESULTS From 1918 studies identified, 43 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 38 were suitable for the meta-analysis. Nine HRQOL questionnaires were identified, with the most widely used being: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis and Short Form-36. HRQOL questionnaires had moderate to good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Only 8 of 18 studies that used translated HRQOL questionnaires reported or referred to the validity of the translated questionnaire. There was a stronger correlation (mean r (95% CI)) between HRQOL and subjective outcome measures, such as dyspnoea (0.55 (0.41 to 0.68)) and fatigue (0.42 (0.23 to 0.58)) compared with objective measures; exercise capacity (-0.41 (-0.54 to -0.24)), FEV1% predicted (-0.31 (-0.40 to -0.23)) and extent of bronchiectasis on CT scan (0.35 (0.03 to 0.61)); all p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS This review supports most HRQOL questionnaires used in bronchiectasis have good psychometric properties. There was a weak to moderate association between HRQOL and objective outcome measures. This suggests that HRQOL questionnaires assess a unique aspect of health not captured by objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arietta Spinou
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Respiratory Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Kai K Lee
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Elston
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard J Siegert
- Auckland University of Technology (AUT), School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies and School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert Wilson
- Host Defence Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rachel Garrod
- Denmark Hill Campus, King's College London, Therapies, London, UK
| | - Surinder S Birring
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Respiratory Medicine, London, UK
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Pericot-Valverde I, Germeroth LJ, Tiffany ST. The Use of Virtual Reality in the Production of Cue-Specific Craving for Cigarettes: A Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:538-46. [PMID: 26453669 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cue-reactivity procedure has demonstrated that smokers respond with increases in subjective craving in the presence of smoking-related cues. Virtual reality is an emerging mode of cue presentation for cue-reactivity research. Despite the successful implementation of virtual reality during the last decade, no systematic review has investigated the magnitude of effects across studies. METHODS This research systematically reviewed findings from studies using virtual reality in cigarette craving assessment. Eligible studies assessed subjective craving for cigarettes in smokers exposed to smoking-related and neutral environments. Cohen's d was used to assess differences in craving between smoking-related and nonsmoking-related virtual environments. A random effects approach was used to combine effect sizes. RESULTS A total of 18 studies involving 541 smokers was included in the final analyses. Environments with smoking-related cues produced significant increases in craving relative to environments without smoking-related cues. The mean overall effect size (Cohen's d) was 1.041 (SE = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.28, Z = 8.68, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggested that presentations of smoking cues through virtual reality can produce strong increases in craving among cigarette smokers. This strong cue-reactivity effect, which was comparable in magnitude to the craving effect sizes found with more conventional modes of cue presentation, supports the use of virtual reality for the generation of robust cue-specific craving in cue-reactivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J Germeroth
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen T Tiffany
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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