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Yasmin S, Ansari MY. A detailed examination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Covering past and future perspectives. Microb Pathog 2025; 203:107398. [PMID: 39986548 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease has spread rapidly across the world within just six months, affecting 169 million people and causing 3.5 million deaths globally (2021). The most affected countries include the USA, Brazil, India, and several European countries such as the UK and Russia. Healthcare professionals face new challenges in finding better ways to manage patients and save lives. In this regard, more comprehensive research is needed, including genomic and proteomic studies, personalized medicines and the design of suitable treatments. However, finding novel molecular entities (NME) using a standard or de novo strategy to drug development is a time-consuming and costly process. Another alternate strategy is discovering new therapeutic uses for old/existing/available medications, known as drug repurposing. There are a variety of computational repurposing methodologies, and some of them have been used to counter the coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19). This review article compiles recently published data on the origin, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of the coronavirus by drug repurposing and vaccine development approach. We have attempted to screen probable drugs in clinical trials by using literature survey. This systematic review aims to create priorities for future research of drugs repurposed and vaccine development for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Yousuf Ansari
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India; Ibne Seena College of Pharmacy, Azmi Vidya Nagri Anjhi Shahabad, Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) 241124, India.
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Bayazidi S, Moradi G, Masoumi S, Setarehdan SA, Baradaran HR. Predicting COVID-19 progression in hospitalized patients in Kurdistan Province using a multi-state model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2025; 24:88. [PMID: 40129685 PMCID: PMC11929647 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-025-01576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to implement a multi-state risk prediction model to predict the progression of COVID-19 cases among hospitalized patients in Kurdistan province by analyzing hospital care data. Methods This retrospective analysis consisted of data from 17,286 patients admitted to hospitals with COVID-19 from March 23, 2019, to December 19, 2021, in various areas in the Kurdistan province. A multi-state prediction model was used to show that each transition is predicted by a different set of variables. These variables include underlying diseases (like diabetes, hypertension, etc.) and sociodemographic information (like sex and age). Model aims to predict the likelihood of recovery, the need for critical care intervention (e.g., transfer to isolation units or the ICU), or exits from the hospitalization course. We performed the statistical analysis using R software and the mstate package. Results Of the hospitalized patients studied, 5.6% died of the disease, 6.6% were admitted to ICUs, and 38.72% were treated in isolation units. Mortality rates in general wards, isolation units, and the ICU were 3.48%, 4.56%, and 26.6%, respectively. Significant predictors for ICU admission include age over 60 years (HR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.37-1.55), kidney-related conditions (HR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.65-2.91), cardiovascular diseases (HR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.46-1.94), lung disease (HR: 1.89,95% CI 1.43-2.05), and cancer (HR: 2.46,95% CI 1.77-3.41). The likelihood of in-hospital death is significantly increased by age over 60 years (HR: 2.40, 95% CI 2.09-2.76), diabetes (HR: 1.97, 95% CI 1.45-2.68), high blood pressure (HR: 2.30, 95% CI 1.78-2.97), and history of heart disease (HR: 3.01, 95% CI 2.29-3.95). Conclusion The model helps the provider and policymakers to make an informed decision depending on patient management and resource allocation within the health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shnoo Bayazidi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Epidemiology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Safdar Masoumi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Present Address: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Setarehdan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rosyid AN, Puspitasari AD, Sensusiati AD, Nugraha J, Amin M. Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 as a Predictor of Mortality in Elderly with COVID-19. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:575-579. [PMID: 39138918 PMCID: PMC11556489 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The age group at the most high risk for mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was the elderly. AIMS This study aims to analyze markers that can predict the severity and mortality of elderly COVID-19 patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This study used a cohort retrospective design. We include adult and elderly COVID-19 patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital from March to August 2021. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample used was 48 COVID-19 patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction swab results. We check the complete blood count and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during admission. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were analyzed using t -test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Pearson, and Kendall Tau correlation. RESULTS Leukocyte level (6.6 ± 2.5) was lowest in the severe-critical elderly group. Neutrophil level (75.3 ± 10.2) was highest in the mild-moderate elderly group. Lymphocyte level (18.8 ± 8.7) was highest in mild-moderate nonelderly group. Platelet level (279.0 ± 117.7) was highest in the mild-moderate elderly group. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio level (9.1 ± 9.4) was highest in the severe-critical nonelderly group, IL-6 level (98.6 ± 144.1) was highest in the severe-critical elderly group, IL-10 level (107.7 ± 47.7) was highest in the severe-critical elderly group and highest IL-6/IL-10 level (1.4 ± 1.7) was found in the mild-moderate elderly group no significant differences in biomarkers identification between the elderly and nonelderly groups. There was a substantial relationship between IL-10 levels and gender, IL-10 level, and hospital discharge condition. CONCLUSIONS Female elderly patients and alive elderly patients were correlated with increased levels of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfian Nur Rosyid
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Arina Dery Puspitasari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Jusak Nugraha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Pulmonary and Respiratory UNAIR Research Group, Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Nkoke C, Nkouonlack C, Teuwafeu D, Gobina R, Jingi AM, Aseneh J, Enyoue S, Folefac L, Mokake DM, Verla V. Outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and predictors at the Buea Regional Hospital, South West region of Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:165. [PMID: 39036024 PMCID: PMC11260058 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.165.34572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction there is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in Cameroon with a few studies limited to big urban cities. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at the Buea Regional Hospital, in the South West region of Cameroon. Methods this was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The medical records of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were reviewed from 2020 to 2021. Hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mortality. Results two hundred and ten (210) patients were included in this cohort. There were 114 (54.7%) men. The mean age was 60±17.1 years. The common co-morbidities were hypertension (46.7%), diabetes mellitus (31%), and HIV infection (5.7%). The most common symptoms were dyspnea (93.3%), fatigue (93.8%), cough (77.6%), and fever (71.4%). The median oxygen saturation was 85% and the median respiratory rate was 24 cycles per minute. More than 80% had crackles on lung examination. Death occurred in 57 (27.1%) patients. In binary logistic regression, the factors independently associated with mortality were heart failure (aOR: 6.7, p=0.034), SBP < 100 mmHg (aOR: 8.1, p<0.001), RR > 24 cpm (aOR: 3, p=0.016), SaO2<90% (aOR: 6.2, p=0.031), blood glucose > 150mg/dL (aOR: 3.3, p=0.02), and CRP > 50 mg/L (aOR: 3.3, p=0.036). For every 1 mg/dL rise in blood glucose, the odds of death increased by 1% (p=0.011). For every 1 mg/L rise in the C-reactive protein (CRP), the odds of death increased by 1% (p=0.054). Conclusion over half of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection in the South West Region of Cameroon were males. Hypertension and diabetes were common co-morbidities. More than a quarter of these patients died. Furthermore, having heart failure, low systolic blood pressure (SBP), low oxygen saturation, elevated respiratory rate, high CRP and blood glucose levels on admission were associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Nkoke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Cyrille Nkouonlack
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Denis Teuwafeu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Ronald Gobina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | - Divine Martin Mokake
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Verla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Camelo ALM, Zamora Obando HR, Rocha I, Dias AC, Mesquita ADS, Simionato AVC. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics? Metabolites 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38668323 PMCID: PMC11051775 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Melo Camelo
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Hans Rolando Zamora Obando
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Isabela Rocha
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Aline Cristina Dias
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra de Sousa Mesquita
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics—INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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You W, Donnelly F. Nursing workforce plays a significant role in reducing COVID-19 deaths worldwide: A cross-sectional analysis of data from 178 countries. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13099. [PMID: 38383962 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, the role of nursing workforce in reducing COVID-19 case fatality ratio (CFR) is analyzed with scatter plots, Pearson's r and nonparametric, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models. The potential confounders, median age, health expenditure, physician density, and urbanization were incorporated for calculating the independent role of nursing workforce in protecting against COVID-19 CFR. The study findings suggested that (1) the nursing workforce inversely and significantly correlates with COVID-19 CFR; (2) this relationship remained independent of the confounding effects of each individual confounder or their combination; (3) Nursing workforce was the only variable identified as a significant contributor for reducing COVID-19 CFR, when it was incorporated into stepwise regression model with health expenditure, median age, physician density, and urbanization for analyzing their individual predicting effects on COVID-19 CFR. A strong message for the health authorities is that, although in shortage, nursing workforce showed their significant role in reducing COVID-19 deaths worldwide. This study highlights that the role of nursing workforce should be incorporated into population health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Acute and Urgent Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Critical Care Unit, Box Hill Hospital, Easter Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Donnelly
- Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Vacca N, Locci C, Serra F, Chicconi E, Puci MV, Sotgiu G, Amadu AM, Antonucci R. Impact of COVID-19 on Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major: An Observational Study. Acta Haematol 2024; 147:615-624. [PMID: 38417413 DOI: 10.1159/000537912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of COVID-19 is slightly lower, and its mortality is higher in beta-thalassemia patients than in the general population. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 in terms of incidence, clinical course, management, and specific antibody response to vaccination, in a cohort of patients with beta-thalassemia major. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled all transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major patients attending the Thalassemia Day Care Center of the University Hospital of Sassari, Italy, from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. For each patient, demographic, clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and therapy data were collected. Patients aged ≥16 years received two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies were tested before and after the first vaccine dose. RESULTS A total of 68 patients (median age: 36.5 years; IQR: 13-42 years) were included. Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR was positive in 5 (7.35%) of 68 patients (4 symptomatic). No COVID-19-related complications, hospitalizations, or deaths were observed. The transfusion regimen and iron chelation therapy were not significantly changed. Prior to COVID-19 vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested in 61 patients, 51 negative and 10 positive; five of the latter were also positive for SARS-CoV-2 on NPS. The 46 vaccinated subjects had an antibody response, with higher levels in subjects previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that patients with beta-thalassemia major are not at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing a severe form of COVID-19 despite being considered more vulnerable than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vacca
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristian Locci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy,
| | - Fabiola Serra
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Chicconi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariangela V Puci
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Antonucci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Dien TC, Van Nam L, Thach PN, Van Duyet L. COVID-19 patients hospitalized after the fourth wave of the pandemic period in Vietnam: Clinical, laboratory, therapeutic features, and clinical outcomes. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:208-217. [PMID: 37574340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Despite having relatively high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Vietnam, a fraction of COVID-19 patients required hospitalization due to severe symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, laboratory, complications, and treatment of COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the pandemic's fourth wave. METHODS Genome sequencing was performed on COVID-19 patients. Data on clinical characteristics, treatment, complications, and outcomes were consistently collected. RESULTS The clinical classifications were mild (37.43%), moderate (24.2%), and severe (38.37%). Patients with co-morbidities, high fever >39 °C, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and SpO2<90%, had a 1.2-4 folds higher of severe progression than those with mild/moderate. Serious consequences were much more common in the severe patients than in the mild/moderate. The respiratory system of severe patients was generally documented as fine, coarse crackles, and CT scanner shown ground glass, consolidation, and opacity, with Delta variant accounting for 92.6%. Complications were common in the severe patients, including bacteria pneumonia (36.42%), ARDS (61.11%), blood clotting disorder (7.14%), infection (46.92%), and acute kidney injury (12.35%). Antiviral, antifungal, corticosteroid, anticoagulant, and ECMO regimens were utilized. Patients died mostly as a result of co-morbidities, low SpO2, lung injury, and complications such as bacterial + fungal pneumonia (83.9%), ARDS (83.9%), bacteremia (56.5%), injury acute renal failure (27.4%), and coagulopathy (12.9%). CONCLUSION Severe and critical COVID-19 patients frequently have several comorbidities, multiple lung lesions along with a variety of clinical signs. Despite receiving antivirals, antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and even ECMO therapy, the patient encountered multiple complications, with a fatality rate of up to 38.27%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Cong Dien
- Departments of Infectious Disease, Military Hospital 103, 261 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Van Nam
- Departments of Infectious Disease, Military Hospital 103, 261 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Ngoc Thach
- Micobiology and Moclecular Biology Department, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Van Duyet
- Micobiology and Moclecular Biology Department, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Duman ET, Tuna G, Ak E, Avsar G, Pir P. Optimized network based natural language processing approach to reveal disease comorbidities in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2325. [PMID: 38282038 PMCID: PMC10822845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel virus emerged from Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and quickly evolved into a pandemic, significantly impacting various industries, especially healthcare. One critical lesson from COVID-19 is the importance of understanding and predicting underlying comorbidities to better prioritize care and pharmacological therapies. Factors like age, race, and comorbidity history are crucial in determining disease mortality. While clinical data from hospitals and cohorts have led to the identification of these comorbidities, traditional approaches often lack a mechanistic understanding of the connections between them. In response, we utilized a deep learning approach to integrate COVID-19 data with data from other diseases, aiming to detect comorbidities with mechanistic insights. Our modified algorithm in the mpDisNet package, based on word-embedding deep learning techniques, incorporates miRNA expression profiles from SARS-CoV-2 infected cell lines and their target transcription factors. This approach is aligned with the emerging field of network medicine, which seeks to define diseases based on distinct pathomechanisms rather than just phenotypes. The main aim is discovery of possible unknown comorbidities by connecting the diseases by their miRNA mediated regulatory interactions. The algorithm can predict the majority of COVID-19's known comorbidities, as well as several diseases that have yet to be discovered to be comorbid with COVID-19. These potentially comorbid diseases should be investigated further to raise awareness and prevention, as well as informing the comorbidity research for the next possible outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Taylan Duman
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- NGS-Core Unit for Integrative Genomics, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gizem Tuna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Enes Ak
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülben Avsar
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pinar Pir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Giang LT, Bui TD, Le DD, Truong VT, To AL. The Mediating Role of Social Support on Unmet Healthcare Needs in Vietnamese Older People During the COVID-19. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241304247. [PMID: 39610056 PMCID: PMC11605764 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241304247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examined various factors, including social support as a mediating one, influencing subjective unmet needs (SUN) in Vietnamese older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using logistic regression models with a national survey on older persons, we identified determinants of SUN, and then further explored how social support moderated the association between experiencing SUN and chronic diseases. We found that about 25% of Vietnamese older persons experienced SUN during the pandemic, in which more advanced age, living alone, lack of healthcare insurance and having chronic diseases were risk factors, while higher education, better wealth, and stronger social support played as protective factors. Particularly, social support was found a significantly moderated factor between SUN and chronic diseases. Based on these findings, we argued that it would be imperative to strengthen healthcare system at the grassroot level so as to improve accessible and adequate care for older persons, especially those with chronic diseases. Also, enhancing social support via solidary family and community members, particularly in times of crisis, was recommended to address older persons' healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Thanh Giang
- National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Dai Bui
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Duc Le
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Lan To
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Sharma N, Chahal A, Sharma A. Chest Physiotherapy Interventions for Children During SARS-COV-2 Pandemic. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:96-107. [PMID: 37098728 PMCID: PMC10133862 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231169892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2/Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, China, it spread to vast limits globally and became a public health disaster, affecting nearly all countries around the globe. Along with mainstream medical treatment, alternative medicine desperately was the need of the hour for youngsters to manage their symptoms while being self-quarantined and ultimately to improve their chances of survival and recovery from COVID-19. Since the beginning of SARS-COV-2, few studies address the clinical-functional presentation of viral infection and management with physiotherapy for children. Major online electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar were researched to identify, organize and commission the current review. To create a search strategy, Medical Subject Headings and Descriptors of Science and Health were utilized. The authors looked for other studies by screening the references list of the potentially pertinent papers. These computerized searches turned up studies and those studies' bibliographies with pertinent citations were examined. Personal protective equipment was a crucial component for protection and contact precaution. Following hypoxia, effective oxygen therapy is administered right away. When necessary, under the right circumstances, nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, lung-protective breathing methods, and prone positioning can be used. Children with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 may benefit from physiotherapy interventions with a focus on ventilatory management, airway clearance procedures, early activities, and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Neurological Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 20320, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Paediatric and Neonatal Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
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12
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You W, Cusack L, Donnelly F. A global comparison of nursing and midwifery's and medical efficacy in preventing COVID-19 deaths 2019-2022. Int Nurs Rev 2023; 70:552-559. [PMID: 37718556 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Compare roles of nurses and midwives and physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths measured with a case fatality ratio. BACKGROUND The roles and responsibilities of different health disciplines to the COVID-19 pandemic vary. While more difficult to measure, objective assessments of discipline contributions of nurses and midwives and physicians can be viewed through statistical analysis. METHODS Population-level data are analysed with scatter plots, bivariate correlations, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models to illustrate the contributions of nurses and midwives and physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths. The role of nurses and midwives and physicians in protecting the community against COVID-19 deaths is explored and compared using competing effects of affluence, age and urbanization. Data analysis software programs include Excel v.2016, SPSS v.28 and Fisher r-to-z transformation. RESULTS Nurses and midwives reduce COVID-19 deaths significantly more than physicians. This difference remains while controlling for physician care, economic affluence, median age and urbanization individually or in combination. In contrast, the role of physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths is less independent than nurses and midwives. Linear regression results insinuate when nursing and physician care are collated together with other predicting factors, physicians' contribution to community protection against COVID-19 case fatality ratio is statistically explained by nursing and midwifery care. DISCUSSION Unlike physicians, the nursing and midwifery workforce is bigger and located throughout all healthcare system levels and, therefore, is more accessible to the community. This is an important point in explaining the contribution of nurses and midwives to reducing COVID-19 deaths when compared with physicians. CONCLUSION This study suggests that, worldwide, the nursing and midwifery workforce may play a more significant role in protecting the community against COVID-19 deaths than physicians. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY, NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PRACTICE The findings from this study offer a unique perspective for health authorities to further understand the complementary and independent role of the nursing and midwifery workforce in respect of the healthcare team. This study suggests the importance of a broader range of healthcare services, especially during the pandemic, for example, COVID-19. With the permission of health authorities, the nursing and midwifery workforce should have further extension of their scope of practice in situations such as pandemics due to their broader access to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Acute and Urgent Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynette Cusack
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frank Donnelly
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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13
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Vieira ADS, Rocha GDS, Nogueira LDS. Patients Air Medical Transport During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Emerg Nurs 2023; 49:962-969. [PMID: 37462596 PMCID: PMC10277853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air medical transport during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was essential for transferring critically ill patients. This study aimed to comparatively analyze air-transported patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 according to their clinical condition and complications that occurred during the flight. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed the digital records of adult patients transported by fixed-wing aircraft from the interior of the state of Amazonas to the state capital Manaus, Brazil, from June 2019 to May 2021. Pearson's chi-squared, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied (significance level of P < .05). RESULTS The sample consisted of 741 patients (60.59% men, median age 54 years). The incidence of complications during the flight was 7.28%, with emphasis on dyspnea, psychomotor agitation, and pain. There was a significant difference between patients with (n = 466) and without coronavirus disease 2019 (n = 275) regarding the variables age (P < .001), comorbidities (P < .001), body mass index (P < .001), impact (P < .001) and priority (P = .002) of the transfer, physiological severity (P < .001), use of vasoactive drugs when boarding the aircraft (P = .033), and occurrence of respiratory complications during air medical transport (P = .003). DISCUSSION Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were older, had more comorbidities and were severely ill, and had higher body mass index, frequency of vasoactive drug use, and respiratory complications. Although there are minimal differences among these patients, the role that interhospital transfer plays in reducing burden on local, less well-equipped hospitals is a primary role of medical transport, particularly during pandemics.
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14
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Giral-Barajas J, Herrera-Nolasco CI, Herrera-Valdez MA, López SI. A probabilistic approach for the study of epidemiological dynamics of infectious diseases: Basic model and properties. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111576. [PMID: 37437710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of epidemiological phenomena associated to infectious diseases have long been modelled taking different approaches. However, recent pandemic events exposed many areas of opportunity to improve the existing models. We develop a stochastic model based on the idea that transitions between epidemiological stages are alike sampling processes that may involve more than one subset of the population or may be mostly dependent on time intervals defined by pathological or clinical criteria. We apply the model to simulate epidemics, analyse the final distribution of the case fatality ratio, and define a basic reproductive number to determine the existence of a probabilistic phase transition for the dynamics. The resulting modelling scheme is robust, easy to implement, and can readily lend itself for extensions aimed at answering questions that emerge from close examination of data trends, such as those emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Giral-Barajas
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ignacio Herrera-Nolasco
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Dinámica, Biofísica, y Fisiología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Arieli Herrera-Valdez
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Dinámica, Biofísica, y Fisiología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Sergio I López
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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15
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Al Omair OA, Essa A, Elzorkany K, Shehab-Eldeen S, Alarfaj HM, Alarfaj SM, Alabdulqader F, Aldoughan A, Agha M, Ali SI, Darwish E. Factors Affecting Hospitalization Length and in-Hospital Death Due to COVID-19 Infection in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3267-3280. [PMID: 37546239 PMCID: PMC10404051 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emerging COVID-19 coronavirus disease has widely spread, causing a serious worldwide pandemic. Disease severity and mortality risk can be predicted using an analysis of COVID-19 clinical characteristics. Finding out what influences patients' hospitalization length and in-hospital mortality is crucial for decision-making and planning for emergencies. The goal of this study is to identify the factors that influence hospital stay length and in-hospital death due to COVID-19 infection. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2020 and included 630 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), a multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the variables that are linked to longer hospital stays and in-hospital deaths. Results Most patients were male (64.3%), and most were older than 40 years (81.4%). The mean length of hospital stay (LoHS) was 10.4±11.6 days. The overall death rate among these COVID-19 cases was 14.3%. Non-survivors were older, had more comorbidities, had prolonged LoHS with increased ICU admission rates and mechanical ventilation usage, and had a more severe condition than survivors. ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels were associated with longer LoHS, while ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin were predictors of mortality. Conclusion Longer LoHS due to COVID-19 infection was linked to ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels, while the independent predictors of in-hospital death were ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Al Omair
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Essa
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elzorkany
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Nephrology Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Somaia Shehab-Eldeen
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah M Alarfaj
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaia M Alarfaj
- Medical Student at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alabdulqader
- Medical Student at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alghaydaa Aldoughan
- Medical Student at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Agha
- Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Sayed I Ali
- Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Darwish
- Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yeşiltaş S, Öztop S, Günay M, Sümer İ, Akbaş S, Yılmaz S, Pasin Ö, Karaaslan K. Investigation of the Prognostic Values of the Shock Index and Modified Shock Index in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019. ISTANBUL MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.4274/imj.galenos.2023.44380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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17
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Juang WC, Chiou SMJ, Chen HC, Li YC. Differences in Characteristics and Length of Stay of Elderly Emergency Patients before and after the Outbreak of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1162. [PMID: 36673917 PMCID: PMC9859462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 has spread worldwide and affected Taiwan's medical system and people's lives. This study aimed to explore the impact of medical utilization on the characteristics and length of stay (LOS) of elderly emergency department (ED) patients before and after COVID-19; (2) Methods: We gathered ED visits from January to September 2019 (pre-pandemic group) and from January to September 2020 (pandemic group). The data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, the Pearson's chi-square test, the independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression; (3) Results: In 2020, during COVID-19, a significant decrease in ED monthly visits occurred from January; the maximum decrease was 32% in March. The average LOS during COVID-19 was shortened, with a significant reduction in diagnoses compared with the pre-pandemic period; (4) Conclusions: The threat of COVID-19 has changed the elderly's behavior in ED visits and shortened the LOS of ED. The study's results emphasize the importance of analyzing the medical utilization of elderly ED patients and understanding the medical quality of healthcare institutions. With Taiwan's rapidly aging society, the demand for healthcare increases from time to time. The overcrowding of medical attention is often a problem. The results recommend that the overcrowding problem has the opportunity to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Chuan Juang
- Quality Management Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Sonia Ming-Jiu Chiou
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chih Chen
- Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Li
- Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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18
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Leni R, Belladelli F, Baldini S, Scroppo FI, Zaffuto E, Antonini G, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Carcano G, Capogrosso P, Dehò F. The Complex Interplay between Serum Testosterone and the Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e15. [PMID: 36649920 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, efforts in defining risk factors and associations between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical, and molecular features have initiated. After three years of pandemic, it became evident that men have higher risk of adverse outcomes. Such evidence provided the impetus for defining the biological fundaments of such a gender disparity. Our objective was to analyze the most recent literature with the aim of defining the relationship between COVID-19 and fertility, in particular, we assessed the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and testosterone in a systematic review of literature from December 2019 (first evidence of a novel coronavirus in the Hubei province) until March 2022. As a fundamental basis for understanding, articles pertaining preclinical aspects explaining the gender disparity (n=9) were included. The main review categories analyzed the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to testosterone levels (n=5), the impact of serum testosterone on outcomes of COVID-19 (n=23), and the impact SARS-CoV-2 on testosterone levels after infection (n=19). Preclinical studies mainly evaluated the relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its androgen-mediated regulation, articles exploring the risk of COVID-19 according to testosterone levels were few. Although most publications evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on fertility found low testosterone levels after the infection, follow-up was short, with some also suggesting no alterations during recovery. More conclusive findings were observed in men with low testosterone levels, that were generally at higher risk of experiencing worse outcomes (i.e., admission to intensive care units, longer hospitalization, and death). Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed in women, where higher levels of testosterone were associated to worse outcomes. Our finding may provide meaningful insights to better patient counselling and individualization of care pathways in men with testosterone levels suggesting hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leni
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Zaffuto
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonini
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.
| | - Federico Dehò
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Abolfotouh MA, Musattat A, Alanazi M, Alghnam S, Bosaeed M. Clinical characteristics and outcome of Covid-19 illness and predictors of in-hospital mortality in Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:950. [PMID: 36526994 PMCID: PMC9758036 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' race and ethnicity may play a role in mortality from Covid-19. Studies in China, the US, and Europe have been conducted on the predictors of Covid-19 mortality, yet in the EMR countries, such studies are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to describe the hospitalization rate, ICU-admission, and in-hospital mortality of Covid-19 and predictors of in-hospital mortality in Saudi Arabia. METHODS E-medical records were examined for all Covid-19 patients diagnosed in five tertiary hospitals affiliated with the Saudi-National Guard-Health Affairs during March 21, 2020, and September 12, 2021, based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, (n = 35,284). Data were collected on patients' characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory findings, hospitalization, ICU admission, and in-hospital and overall mortality. Logestic regressions were used to identify the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The best laboratory parameters cut-off values to predict in-hospital mortality were identified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS Of all 35,284 Covid-19 patients, 81.8% were adults and 21.7% were hospitalized. Compared to non-hospitalized patients, hospitalized patients were more of female gender (52.1% versus 47.3%, p < 0.001) and had higher mean age (p < 0.001), higher mean BMI (p < 0.001), and higher rates of: diabetes (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), ischemic heart disease (p < 0.001), cancer (p < 0.001), COPD (p < 0.001) and asthma (p = 0.011). The study showed 3.1% overall case-fatality, 20.3% ICU admission rate, and 9.7% in-hospital mortality. Predictors of in-hospital mortality among adult patients were; patients' age ≥ 70 years (OR = 6.93, 95% CI 1.94-24.79), ischemic heart disease (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.05-3.09), ICU admission (OR = 24.38, 95% CI 15.64-38.01), abnormal C-reactive protein "CRP" (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.08-3.16), abnormal D-dimer (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.15-3.36), lymphopenia (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 2.03-3.3.76), high neutrophil count (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.54-2.87), and abnormal procalcitonin (OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.88-5.90). The best laboratory parameters cut-off values to predict in-hospital mortality were CRP > 72.25 mg/L (AUC = 0.64), D-dimer > 1125 µg/L (AUC = 0.75), neutrophils count > 5,745 × 10^9/L (AUC = 0.70), lymphocytic count < 1.10 × 10^9/L (AUC = 0.72), and procalcitonin > 0.18 ng/mL (AUC = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Rates of hospitalization, ICU-admission, in-hospital mortality and overall case fatality were nearly comparable to the rates in western countries. Early interventions are necessary for high-risk Covid-19 patients, especially elderly patients and those with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Abolfotouh
- grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Mail Code 3533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Saud Bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, POB 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Musattat
- grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Mail Code 3533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alanazi
- grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Mail Code 3533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alghnam
- grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Mail Code 3533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Saud Bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bosaeed
- grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Mail Code 3533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662King Saud Bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, POB 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Wei S, Chen G, Ouyang XC, Hong YC, Pan YH. Clinical features of elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12890-12898. [PMID: 36568996 PMCID: PMC9782957 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i35.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who have comorbidities, frailty or profound disabilities experience poor outcomes. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of elderly patients from Wuhan who had COVID-19 during the early stages of the pandemic.
AIM To identify factors affecting the early mortality of elderly patients with COVID-19.
METHODS The records of 234 patients who were 65-years-old or more and were hospitalized in Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital from February 4 to March 4, 2020 were reviewed. All patients had confirmed COVID-19 and the final date of follow-up was April 4, 2020.
RESULTS There were 163 cases of mild disease (69.66%), 39 cases of severe disease (16.67%) and 32 cases of critical disease (13.68%). Twenty-nine patients died within 1 mo (12.40%), all of whom had critical disease. Surviving patients and deceased patients had no significant differences in age or chronic diseases. Overall, the most common symptoms were fever (65.4%), dry cough (57.3%), fatigue (47.4%) and shortness of breath (41%). The deceased patients had higher levels of multiple disease markers (C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine amino transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine kinase and creatinine kinase-MB) and higher incidences of lymphocytopenia and hypoproteinemia.
CONCLUSION This single-center study of elderly patients from Wuhan, China who were hospitalized with COVID-19 indicated that age and chronic diseases were not associated with mortality. Hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were the most common comorbidities and the most common symptoms were fever, dry cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Lymphocytopenia, increased levels of D-dimer and other markers indicative of damage to the heart, kidneys or liver were associated with an increased risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 907 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
- No. 4 Infection Department Second Ward, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ouyang
- No. 4 Infection Department Second Ward, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 908 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Hong
- No. 4 Infection Department Second Ward, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 910 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Quanzhou 362046, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun-Hu Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 907 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
- No. 4 Infection Department Second Ward, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan 430010, Hubei Province, China
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Gorczewska I, Szurko A, Kiełboń A, Stanek A, Cholewka A. Determination of Internal Temperature by Measuring the Temperature of the Body Surface Due to Environmental Physical Factors-First Study of Fever Screening in the COVID Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16511. [PMID: 36554391 PMCID: PMC9779216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has shown that the use of a contact thermometer to verify the elevated body temperature of a suspected person carries a risk of spreading disease. The perfect solution seems to be the use of thermal imaging as a diagnostic method in fever evaluation. The aim of the research is to develop an algorithm for thermovision measurements in fever screening standards in the context of the impact of various weather conditions on the temperature of people entering the public institution. Each examined person had two thermal images of the face-AP and lateral projection. Using a T1020 FLIR thermal camera with a resolution of 1024 × 768 pixels; the mean temperature was measured from the area of the forehead, the maximum forehead, the corners of the eyes, the inside of the mouth and the external auditory canal temperature. On the other hand, using classic contact thermometers, the temperature in the armpit and ear was measured. The obtained preliminary results showed very strong and positive correlations between the temperature in the ear measured with an ear thermometer and the maximum, minimum and average forehead temperature. These correlations oscillate at approximately r = 0.6, but the highest value of Spearman coefficient was obtained for the mean temperature of the forehead. Moreover, high correlations were also obtained between the temperature in the ear, measured with an ear thermometer, and the maximum temperature in the corners of the eyes and in the ear, measured with a thermal imaging camera. These values were, respectively, r = 0.54, r = 0.65. In summarizing, remote body temperature measurement taken with a thermal camera can be useful in the assessment of the body's core temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gorczewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szurko
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kiełboń
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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22
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Chaipitakporn C, Athavale P, Kumar V, Sathiyakumar T, Budišić M, Sur S, Mondal S. COVID-19 in the U.S. during pre-vaccination period: Shifting impact of sociodemographic factors and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:927189. [PMID: 38455291 PMCID: PMC10910972 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.927189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pandemic "wave" usually refers to the rise and fall of the infections with time, however, for a large country, the variations due to geographical location could be considerable. In this work, we investigated COVID-19 infection and fatality across the U.S. during the pandemic waves in the pre-vaccination period (January 2020-December 2020). Focusing on counties with a population ≥100,000, the data from the entire period were first segmented into two equal phases roughly corresponding to the first pandemic wave and subsequent surge, and each phase was further divided into two zones based on infection rate. We studied the potential influences of six sociodemographic variables (population density, age, poverty, education, and percentage of Hispanic and African American population) and four air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) on the differences in infection and fatality observed among different phases and zones. We noticed a distinct difference in the overall impact of COVID-19 between the two phases of the pre-vaccination period with a substantial decrease in the fatality in the second phase despite an increase in the infection. Analysis using log-linear regression modeling further revealed a shift in the impact of several risk factors considered in this study. For example, population density and lesser education were found to be significant for infection during the first phase of the pandemic alone. Furthermore, population density and lesser education along with poverty and NO2 level had a significant contribution to fatality during the first phase of the pandemic, while age over 65 years was important in both phases. Interestingly, the effects of many of these factors were found to be significant only in the zones with higher infection rates. Our findings indicate that the impacts of several well-known sociodemographic and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 are not constant throughout the course of the pandemic, and therefore, careful considerations should be made about their role when developing preventative and mitigative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Chaipitakporn
- David D. Reh School of Business, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Prashant Athavale
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | | | - Marko Budišić
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Shantanu Sur
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
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23
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Wanitphakdeedecha R, Jantarakolica T, Sudhipongpracha T, Wongdama S, Gervasio MKR, Gulfan MCB, Yogya Y, Dim-Jamora KCC. A Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Affecting the Decision to Conduct Dermatologic Surgery Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2355-2369. [PMID: 36112298 PMCID: PMC9483386 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Supisara Wongdama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Mia Katrina R Gervasio
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Ma Christina B Gulfan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Yuri Yogya
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Pran-nok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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24
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Ghimire S, Saha M, Sarwar S, Harris MF. Loneliness and its correlates among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15020. [PMID: 36056090 PMCID: PMC9438873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness and its associated factors among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above through telephone interviews. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related information. Meanwhile, the level of loneliness was measured using a 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. More than half (51.5%) of the older adults experienced loneliness. We found that participants formally schooled [adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.88)] and received COVID-19-related information from health workers (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.49) had lower odds of being lonely during the pandemic. However, older adults living alone (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI 1.34-4.94), residing distant from a health facility (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08) and in rural areas (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.23) had higher odds of loneliness than their counterparts. Likewise, odds of loneliness were higher among those overwhelmed by COVID-19 (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.29-2.86), who faced difficulty in earning (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.18-2.67) and receiving routine medical care during pandemic (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.78-4.87), and those perceiving requiring additional care during the pandemic (aOR = 6.01, 95% CI 3.80-9.49). The findings suggest that policies and plans should be directed to reduce loneliness among older adults who require additional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Medona Tower, Bir Uttam AK Khandakar Road, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Manika Saha
- Department of Human-Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3145, Australia
| | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark F Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Chen X, Han CP, Zhang W. Shanghai expert consensus on clinical protocol for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of COVID-19 among the elderly population (second edition). JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:427-431. [PMID: 35739055 PMCID: PMC9176106 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This document is the revised edition of the previously issued Shanghai Expert Consensus on Clinical Protocol for Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of COVID-19 among the Elderly Population. Based on the clinical experience and the Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (Trial 9th Edition), this revised edition provides treatment approaches and recommendations to proactively cope with Omicron variant and increase the therapeutic efficacy for coronavirus disease 2019 among the elderly population in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chou-Ping Han
- International Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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26
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Jain N, Hung IC, Kimura H, Goh YL, Jau W, Huynh KLA, Panag DS, Tiwari R, Prasad S, Manirambona E, Vasanthakumaran T, Amanda TW, Lin HW, Vig N, An NT, Uwiringiyimana E, Popkova D, Lin TH, Nguyen MA, Jain S, Umar TP, Suleman MH, Efendi E, Kuo CY, Bansal SPS, Kauškale S, Peng HH, Bains M, Rozevska M, Tran TH, Tsai MS, Pahulpreet, Jiraboonsri S, Tai RZ, Khan ZA, Huy DT, Kositbovornchai S, Chiu CW, Nguyen THH, Chen HY, Khongyot T, Chen KY, Quyen DTK, Lam J, Dila KAS, Cu NT, Thi MTH, Dung LA, Thi KON, Thi HAN, Trieu MDT, Thi YC, Pham TT, Ariyoshi K, Smith C, Huy NT. The global response: How cities and provinces around the globe tackled Covid-19 outbreaks in 2021. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2022; 4:100031. [PMID: 35775040 PMCID: PMC9217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tackling the spread of COVID-19 remains a crucial part of ending the pandemic. Its highly contagious nature and constant evolution coupled with a relative lack of immunity make the virus difficult to control. For this, various strategies have been proposed and adopted including limiting contact, social isolation, vaccination, contact tracing, etc. However, given the heterogeneity in the enforcement of these strategies and constant fluctuations in the strictness levels of these strategies, it becomes challenging to assess the true impact of these strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated various transmission control measures that were imposed in 10 global urban cities and provinces in 2021- Bangkok, Gauteng, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, London, Manila City, New Delhi, New York City, Singapore, and Tokyo. FINDINGS Based on our analysis, we herein propose the population-level Swiss cheese model for the failures and pitfalls in various strategies that each of these cities and provinces had. Furthermore, whilst all the evaluated cities and provinces took a different personalized approach to managing the pandemic, what remained common was dynamic enforcement and monitoring of breaches of each barrier of protection. The measures taken to reinforce the barriers were adjusted continuously based on the evolving epidemiological situation. INTERPRETATION How an individual city or province handled the pandemic profoundly affected and determined how the entire country handled the pandemic since the chain of transmission needs to be broken at the very grassroot level to achieve nationwide control. FUNDING The present study did not receive any external funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - I-Chun Hung
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yi Lin Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Jau
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khoa Le Anh Huynh
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Virginia 23224, USA
| | | | - Ranjit Tiwari
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, Nepal
| | - Sakshi Prasad
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Tan Weiling Amanda
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ho-Wei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nikhil Vig
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nguyen Thanh An
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | | | - Darja Popkova
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Ting-Han Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Minh Anh Nguyen
- Hanoi Medical University/Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam
| | - Shivani Jain
- Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Firozpur, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Elnur Efendi
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Chuan-Ying Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sofja Kauškale
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Hui-Hui Peng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohit Bains
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Marija Rozevska
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Thang Huu Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Meng-Shan Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pahulpreet
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ruo-Zhu Tai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dang Thanh Huy
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsueh-Yen Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanawat Khongyot
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Kai-Yang Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dinh Thi Kim Quyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jennifer Lam
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ngan Thanh Cu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Tam Huynh Thi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City 50000, Vietnam
| | - Le Anh Dung
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - My Duc Thao Trieu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yen Cao Thi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City, Vietnam
| | | | - Koya Ariyoshi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chris Smith
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
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27
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Rasarathnam A, Haynes‐Smith T, Wassif WS, Dodd MS. Haematological and biochemical pathology markers for a predictive model for ITU admission and death from COVID‐19: A retrospective study. EJHAEM 2022; 3:660-668. [PMID: 35941886 PMCID: PMC9349926 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has affected over 227 countries. Changes in haematological and biochemical characteristics in patients with COVID‐19 are emerging as important features of the disease. This study aims to identify the pathological findings of COVID‐19 patients at Bedford Hospital by analysing laboratory parameters that were identified as significant potential markers of COVID‐19. Patients who were admitted to Bedford Hospital from March–July 2020 and had a positive swab for COVID were selected for this study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected using ICE system. Multiple haematological and biochemistry biomarkers were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to predict intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission and/or survival based on admission tests. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C‐reactive protein were elevated in most patients, irrespective of ITU status, representing a common outcome of COVID‐19. This was driven by lymphopenia in 80% and neutrophilia in 42% of all patients. Multivariate logistic regression identified an increase in mortality associated with greater age, elevated NLR, alkaline phosphatase activity and hyperkalaemia. With the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.706 +/− 0.04117, negative predictive value (NPV) 66.7% and positive predictive value (PPV) 64.9%. Analysis also revealed an association between increases in serum albumin and potassium concentrations and decreases in serum calcium, sodium and in prothrombin time, with admission to ITU. The area under the ROC curve of 0.8162 +/− 0.0403, NPV 63.3% and PPV 80.5%. These data suggest that using admission (within 4 days) measurements for haematological and biochemical markers, that we are able to predict outcome, whether that is survival or ITU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Rasarathnam
- Haematology and Blood Transfusion Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bedford UK
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry University Coventry UK
| | - Terrence Haynes‐Smith
- Haematology and Blood Transfusion Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bedford UK
| | - Wassif S. Wassif
- Clinical Biochemistry Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bedford UK
| | - Michael S. Dodd
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry University Coventry UK
- Research Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences Institute of Health and Wellbeing Coventry University Coventry UK
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28
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Azzolina D, Lorenzoni G, Silvestri L, Prosepe I, Berchialla P, Gregori D. Regional Differences in Mortality Rates During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1355-1361. [PMID: 33750493 PMCID: PMC7985634 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Italy on February 20, 2020, and has resulted in many deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study aimed to illustrate the epidemic COVID-19 growth pattern in Italy by considering the regional differences in disease diffusion during the first 3 mo of the epidemic. METHODS Official COVID-19 data were obtained from the Italian Civil Protection Department of the Council of Ministers Presidency. The mortality and ICU admission rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated at the regional level and summarized by means of a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Data were retrieved until April 21, 2020. RESULTS The highest cumulative mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in northern Italy, particularly in Lombardia (85.3; 95% credibility intervals [CI], 75.7-94.7). The difference in the mortality rates between northern and southern Italy increased over time, reaching a difference of 67.72 (95% CI, 66-67) cases on April 2, 2020. CONCLUSIONS Northern Italy showed higher and increasing mortality rates during the first 3 mo of the epidemic. The uncontrolled virus circulation preceding the infection spreading in southern Italy had a considerable impact on system burnout. This experience demonstrates that preparedness against the pandemic is of crucial importance to contain its disruptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
- Research Support Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Silvestri
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Prosepe
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
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29
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Speakman JR, Elmquist JK. Obesity: an evolutionary context. LIFE METABOLISM 2022; 1:10-24. [PMID: 36394061 PMCID: PMC9642988 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
People completely lacking body fat (lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy) and those with severe obesity both show profound metabolic and other health issues. Regulating levels of body fat somewhere between these limits would, therefore, appear to be adaptive. Two different models might be contemplated. More traditional is a set point (SP) where the levels are regulated around a fixed level. Alternatively, dual-intervention point (DIP) is a system that tolerates fairly wide variation but is activated when critically high or low levels are breached. The DIP system seems to fit our experience much better than an SP, and models suggest that it is more likely to have evolved. A DIP system may have evolved because of two contrasting selection pressures. At the lower end, we may have been selected to avoid low levels of fat as a buffer against starvation, to avoid disease-induced anorexia, and to support reproduction. At the upper end, we may have been selected to avoid excess storage because of the elevated risks of predation. This upper limit of control seems to have malfunctioned because some of us deposit large fat stores, with important negative health effects. Why has evolution not protected us against this problem? One possibility is that the protective system slowly fell apart due to random mutations after we dramatically reduced the risk of being predated during our evolutionary history. By chance, it fell apart more in some people than others, and these people are now unable to effectively manage their weight in the face of the modern food glut. To understand the evolutionary context of obesity, it is important to separate the adaptive reason for storing some fat (i.e. the lower intervention point), from the nonadaptive reason for storing lots of fat (a broken upper intervention point). The DIP model has several consequences, showing how we understand the obesity problem and what happens when we attempt to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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Aouissi HA, Kechebar MSA, Ababsa M, Roufayel R, Neji B, Petrisor AI, Hamimes A, Epelboin L, Ohmagari N. The Importance of Behavioral and Native Factors on COVID-19 Infection and Severity: Insights from a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1341. [PMID: 35885867 PMCID: PMC9323463 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on a global scale. Understanding the innate and lifestyle-related factors influencing the rate and severity of COVID-19 is important for making evidence-based recommendations. This cross-sectional study aims at establishing a potential relationship between human characteristics and vulnerability/resistance to SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that the impact of the virus is not the same due to cultural and ethnic differences. A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The methodology included the development of a multi-language survey, expert evaluation, and data analysis. Data were collected using a 13-item pre-tested questionnaire based on a literature review between 9 December 2020 and 21 July 2021. Data were statistically analyzed using logistic regression. For a total of 1125 respondents, 332 (29.5%) were COVID-19 positive; among them, 130 (11.5%) required home-based treatment, and 14 (1.2%) intensive care. The significant and most influential factors on infection included age, physical activity, and health status (p < 0.05), i.e., better physical activity and better health status significantly reduced the possibility of infection, while older age significantly increased it. The severity of infection was negatively associated with the acceptance (adherence and respect) of preventive measures and positively associated with tobacco (p < 0.05), i.e., smoking regularly significantly increases the severity of COVID-19 infection. This suggests the importance of behavioral factors compared to innate ones. Apparently, individual behavior is mainly responsible for the spread of the virus. Therefore, adopting a healthy lifestyle and scrupulously observing preventive measures, including vaccination, would greatly limit the probability of infection and prevent the development of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etude en Aménagement et Urbanisme (LREAU), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie (USTHB), Algiers 16000, Algeria
- Environmental Research Center (CRE), Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Seif Allah Kechebar
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mostefa Ababsa
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria; (M.S.A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait;
| | - Bilel Neji
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait;
| | - Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor
- Doctoral School of Urban Planning, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, 010014 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, 50741 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urbanism and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC, 021652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamimes
- Faculty of Medicine, University Salah Boubnider of Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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Khorani H, Mohammadi F, Hosseinkhani Z, Motalebi SA. Predictive factors of Quality of Life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:176. [PMID: 35843952 PMCID: PMC9288663 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the vulnerability of older people to COVID-19, it is important to consider their physical and mental wellbeing and quality of life (QoL) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the QoL and its predictive factors among a sample of Iranian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 older people residing in Qazvin, Iran, from May 22th to November 21rd, 2021. Multistage cluster sampling method was used for selecting the eligible older adults. Data were collected using the demographic checklist, fear of COVID-19 scale, and Elderly Quality of Life Questionnaire (LIPAD). The multivariate regression model was used for determining the predictive factors of QoL in older people. RESULTS The mean age of older participants was 69.17 ± 6.75 years old. The results of multivariate regression model showed that fear of COVID-19, age, marital status, level of education, living arrangement, and economic situation were the significant predictors of QoL in the older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended to pay close attention to divorced, lonely, and illiterate older people and those with low economic situation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khorani
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XStudent Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinkhani
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XMetabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Gogolewski K, Miasojedow B, Sadkowska-Todys M, Stepień M, Demkow U, Lech A, Szczurek E, Rabczenko D, Rosińska M, Gambin A. Data-driven case fatality rate estimation for the primary lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland. Methods 2022; 203:584-593. [PMID: 35085741 PMCID: PMC8785264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than one and a half year since the COVID-19 pandemics outbreak the scientific world is constantly trying to understand its dynamics. In this paper of the case fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 we study the historic data regarding mortality in Poland during the first six months of pandemic, when no SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were present among infected. To this end, we apply competing risk models to perform both uni- and multivariate analyses on specific subpopulations selected by different factors including the key indicators: age, sex, hospitalization. The study explores the case fatality rate to find out its decreasing trend in time. Furthermore, we describe the differences in mortality among hospitalized and other cases indicating a sudden increase of mortality among hospitalized cases at the end of the 2020 spring season. Exploratory and multivariate analysis revealed the real impact of each variable and besides the expected factors indicating increased mortality (age, comorbidities) we track more non-obvious indicators. Recent medical care as well as the identification of the source contact, independently of the comorbidities, significantly impact an individual mortality risk. As a result, the study provides a twofold insight into the COVID-19 mortality in Poland. On one hand we explore mortality in different groups with respect to different variables, on the other we indicate novel factors that may be crucial in reducing mortality. The later can be coped, e.g. by more efficient contact tracing and proper organization and management of the health care system to accompany those who need medical care independently of comorbidities or COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gogolewski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Miasojedow
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stepień
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lech
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczurek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Rabczenko
- Department for Monitoring and Analysis of Population Health Status, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rosińska
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gambin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Chan CT. The Impact of COVID-19 on Domestic Tourism by Older People in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:885632. [PMID: 35836982 PMCID: PMC9273944 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.885632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan's older population (those over the age of 65) reached ~3.95 million at the end of January 2022, accounting for around 16.9% of the country's total population. It is already an “aged society.” With the gradual increase in the older population, the older people tourism market is also getting more and more attention. This article explores how older people tourism was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (present in Tawian from early 2020), which was a major international public health event. This study adopts quantitative and PCA methods to statistically analyze the changes before and after the pandemic. The study results found that the frequency of tourism decreased after the pandemic: the number was 5.32, a decrease of 0.77, and instances of at least 1 tourist trip decreased by 3.87% after the pandemic. Regarding the reasons for not participating in tourism, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 accounted for a factor of 19.9%. Total travel expenses were NT$2,590, an increase of NT$229.67, and were not affected by the pandemic. We carried out a PCA analysis on tourism spending. The first component was food, accommodation, shopping, and other expenses. The factor loadings were 0.989, 0.931, 0.641 and −0.948, respectively. The second component was entertainment and transportation expenses. The factor loadings were 0.997 and 0.902, respectively. In conclusion, we put forward relevant discussions and suggestions to make tourism for older people healthier and more sustainable.
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Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Mortality in Elderly Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:5904332. [PMID: 35698592 PMCID: PMC9188299 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5904332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elderly patients are at high risk of fatality from COVID-19. The present work aims to describe the clinical characteristics of elderly inpatients with COVID-19 and identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality at admission. Materials and Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we included elderly COVID-19 inpatients (n = 245) from four hospitals in Sylhet, Bangladesh, who had been discharged between October 2020 and February 2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from hospital records and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Principal Results. Of the included patients, 202 (82.44%) were discharged and 43 (17.55%) died in hospital. Except hypertension, other comorbidities like diabetes, chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were more prevalent in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had a higher prevalence of leukocytosis (51.2 versus 30.7; p=0.01), lymphopenia (72.1 versus 55; p=0.05), and thrombocytopenia (20.9 versus 9.9; p=0.07). Multivariable regression analysis showed an increasing odds ratio of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, per year increase; p=0.009), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.22–10.33, p=0.019), and admission SpO2 (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88–0.95; p=0.001). Conclusions Higher age, thrombocytopenia, and lower initial level of SpO2 at admission are predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19.
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Becerra-Sánchez A, Rodarte-Rodríguez A, Escalante-García NI, Olvera-González JE, De la Rosa-Vargas JI, Zepeda-Valles G, Velásquez-Martínez EDJ. Mortality Analysis of Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico Based on Risk Factors Applying Machine Learning Techniques. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1396. [PMID: 35741207 PMCID: PMC9222115 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has generated an overload in the quality of medical care in clinical centers around the world. Causes that originate this fact include lack of medical personnel, infrastructure, medicines, among others. The rapid and exponential increase in the number of patients infected by COVID-19 has required an efficient and speedy prediction of possible infections and their consequences with the purpose of reducing the health care quality overload. Therefore, intelligent models are developed and employed to support medical personnel, allowing them to give a more effective diagnosis about the health status of patients infected by COVID-19. This paper aims to propose an alternative algorithmic analysis for predicting the health status of patients infected with COVID-19 in Mexico. Different prediction models such as KNN, logistic regression, random forests, ANN and majority vote were evaluated and compared. The models use risk factors as variables to predict the mortality of patients from COVID-19. The most successful scheme is the proposed ANN-based model, which obtained an accuracy of 90% and an F1 score of 89.64%. Data analysis reveals that pneumonia, advanced age and intubation requirement are the risk factors with the greatest influence on death caused by virus in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldonso Becerra-Sánchez
- Unidad Académica de Ingenieía Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (J.I.D.l.R.-V.); (G.Z.-V.); (E.d.J.V.-M.)
| | - Armando Rodarte-Rodríguez
- Unidad Académica de Ingenieía Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (J.I.D.l.R.-V.); (G.Z.-V.); (E.d.J.V.-M.)
| | - Nivia I. Escalante-García
- Laboratorio de Iluminación Artificial, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Pabellón de Arteaga, Aguascalientes 20670, Mexico; (N.I.E.-G.); (J.E.O.-G.)
| | - José E. Olvera-González
- Laboratorio de Iluminación Artificial, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Pabellón de Arteaga, Aguascalientes 20670, Mexico; (N.I.E.-G.); (J.E.O.-G.)
| | - José I. De la Rosa-Vargas
- Unidad Académica de Ingenieía Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (J.I.D.l.R.-V.); (G.Z.-V.); (E.d.J.V.-M.)
| | - Gustavo Zepeda-Valles
- Unidad Académica de Ingenieía Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (J.I.D.l.R.-V.); (G.Z.-V.); (E.d.J.V.-M.)
| | - Emmanuel de J. Velásquez-Martínez
- Unidad Académica de Ingenieía Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-R.); (J.I.D.l.R.-V.); (G.Z.-V.); (E.d.J.V.-M.)
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da Silva Torres MK, Lopes FT, de Lima ACR, Lima CNC, Dos Santos Brito WR, Dos Santos BC, de Sousa RS, Gomes JLC, Botelho BJS, Correa ACA, Machado LFA, Feitosa RNM, Lima SS, Vallinoto IMVC, Vallinoto ACR. Seroprevalence and risk factors for COVID-19 in the metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8571. [PMID: 35595782 PMCID: PMC9122246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating effect of health system overload was observed after cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) peaked in April 2020 in Belém, a capital metropolis in the Brazilian Amazon. Our results showed a high seroprevalence (39.24%) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among the population of the capital of the state of Pará after the first wave of the pandemic. Old age, mixed race, a high school education level, low income and contact with infected individuals are risk factors and may be driving seropositivity and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in this population. This study is one of the first to provide important information to understand the socioeconomic inequalities, behavioral characteristics and viral transmission dynamics associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the capital of the state of Pará, northern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wandrey Roberto Dos Santos Brito
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Cintra Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jayanne Lilian Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bruno José Sarmento Botelho
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves Correa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A Machado
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos R Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal Do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, Brazil.
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Geeraedts F, Luttje M, Visschedijk J, van Hattem M, Hasper HJ, Kohnen R, Loman R, de Goede R, Jansen D, Hess D, Al Naiemi N. Low-Threshold Testing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Long-Term Care Facilities Early in the First Pandemic Wave, the Twente Region, the Netherlands: A Possible Factor in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 41:1802-1811. [PMID: 35543170 PMCID: PMC9127376 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shortage of
SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests, and testing patients with mild symptoms
(low-threshold testing) was not recommended in the Netherlands. Despite these
guidelines, to protect those who were most at risk, low-threshold testing was
advocated and offered to the majority of long-term care institutions in the
Twente region. In this manner, 144 healthcare workers and
96 residents tested SARS-CoV-2-positive and were isolated before the same
service was provided nationwide by public health services. Strikingly, excess
mortality rate in the Twente region 1 month after the
introduction of this strategy was found to be 62%–89% lower than that in
neighboring regions, which may be explained by this divergent testing strategy.
In an emerging pandemic, early implementation of a liberal testing policy may be
more effective than restricted testing in settings with a high death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Geeraedts
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Luttje
- Carintreggeland Nursing Homes and Home Care, Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Visschedijk
- Carintreggeland Nursing Homes and Home Care, Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | | | - Henk-Jan Hasper
- Trivium Meulenbelt Zorg Nursing Homes and Home Care, Almelo, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Kohnen
- Livio Nursing Homes and Home Care, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Loman
- Zorggroep Sint Maarten Nursing Homes and Home Care, Denekamp, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi de Goede
- Liberein Nursing Homes and Home Care, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Desiré Jansen
- De Posten Nursing Homes and Home Care, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Hess
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | - Nashwan Al Naiemi
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Hengelo, the Netherlands
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Khodneva Y, Malla G, Clarkson S, Fu R, Safford MM, Goyal P, Oparil S, Cherrington AL, Jackson EA, Willig J. What is the association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with COVID-19 outcomes: retrospective study of racially diverse patients? BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053961. [PMID: 35414547 PMCID: PMC9006195 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in a racially diverse sample from the US Southeast and examine the association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor use with COVID-19 outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This study is a retrospective cohort of 1024 patients with reverse-transcriptase PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection, admitted to a 1242-bed teaching hospital in Alabama. Data on RAAS inhibitors use, demographics and comorbidities were extracted from hospital medical records. PRIMARY OUTCOMES In-hospital mortality, a need of intensive care unit, respiratory failure, defined as invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV) and 90-day same-hospital readmissions. RESULTS Among 1024 patients (mean (SD) age, 57 (18.8) years), 532 (52.0%) were African Americans, 514 (50.2%) male, 493 (48.1%) had hypertension, 365 (36%) were taking RAAS inhibitors. During index hospitalisation (median length of stay of 7 (IQR (4-15) days) 137 (13.4%) patients died; 170 (19.2%) of survivors were readmitted. RAAS inhibitor use was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR, 95% CI (0.56, (0.36 to 0.88), p=0.01) and no effect modification by race was observed (p for interaction=0.81). Among patients with hypertension, baseline RAAS use was associated with reduced risk of iMV, adjusted OR, 95% CI (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.95, p=0.03). Patients with heart failure were twice as likely to die from COVID-19, compared with patients without heart failure. CONCLUSIONS In a retrospespective study of racially diverse patients, hospitalised with COVID-19, prehospitalisation use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with 40% reduction in mortality irrespective of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Khodneva
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gargya Malla
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Clarkson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Fu
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Monika M Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrea L Cherrington
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jackson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James Willig
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Saglietto A, D'Ascenzo F, Cavarretta E, Frati G, Anselmino M, Versaci F, Biondi-Zoccai G, DE Ferrari GM. Excess all-cause mortality during COVID-19 outbreak: potential role of untreated cardiovascular disease. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:160-166. [PMID: 32996311 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has rapidly spread globally. Due to different testing strategies, under-detection of positive subjects and COVID-19-related-deaths remains common. Aim of this analysis was to assess the real impact of COVID-19 through the analysis of 2020 Italian all-cause mortality data compared to historical series. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 2020 and 2015-2019 all-cause mortality data released by the Italian National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) for the time period January 1st-March 21st. This preliminary sample included 1084 Italian municipalities showing at least 10 deaths during the above-mentioned timeframe and an increase in mortality of more than 20% as compared to the previous five years (2015-2019), with a resulting coverage of 21% of Italian population. The difference between 2020 observed and expected deaths (mean of weekly deaths in 2015-2019) was computed, together with mortality rate ratio (MRR) for each of the four weeks following detection of the first autochthonous COVID-19 case in Italy (February 23rd, 2020 - March 21st, 2020), as well as for this entire timeframe. Subgroup analysis by age groups was also performed. RESULTS Overall MRR was 1.79 [1.75-1.84], with an observed excess mortality of 8750 individuals in the investigated sample, which in itself outweighs Italian Civil Protection report of only 4,825 COVID-19-related deaths across Italy, as of March 21. Subgroup analysis did not show any difference in mortality rate in '0-14 years' age group, while MRRs were significantly increased in older age groups, in particular in patients >75 years (MRR 1.84 [1.79-1.89]). In addition, week-by-week analysis showed a progressive increase in MRR during this period, peaking in the last week (March 15th, 2020 - March 21st, 2020) with an estimated value of 2.65 [2.53-2.78]. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of all-cause mortality data in Italy indicates that reported COVID-19-related deaths are an underestimate of the actual death toll. All-cause death should be seen as the epidemiological indicator of choice to assess the real mortality impact exerted by SARS-CoV-2, given that it also best reflects the toll on frail patient subsets (e.g. the elderly or those with cardiovascular disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Saglietto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Matteo Anselmino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Unit of Hemodynamics and Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano M DE Ferrari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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De Giorgio A, Kuvačić G, Maleš D, Vecchio I, Tornali C, Ishac W, Ramaci T, Barattucci M, Milavić B. Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Associations between Green-Pass, Social Media Information, Anti-Vax Beliefs, and Emotional Balance. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030481. [PMID: 35335113 PMCID: PMC8952598 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present investigation were (i) to determine psychological relapses of COVID-19 booster vaccine; (ii) to identify the determining factors affecting willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine; and (iii) to study the relationship among emotional characteristics (anxiety, stress, depression, optimism), social media information, and the mandatory political choices (i.e., green-pass) in Croatian people. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for 1003 participants (median age: 40 years) from Croatia during December 2021. Results showed a significant association between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in all sociodemographic variables, except for gender (p = 0.905). For psychological variables, significant differences were found only for levels of optimism (p < 0.001). People with a postgraduate degree (OR: 2.25, [1.14−4.46], p = 0.020) and PhD (OR: 1.97, [95% CI: 1.01−3.52], p = 0.021) had higher odds of being vaccinated than participants with high school diplomas. Additionally, participants seeking information on TV and radio (OR: 2.35, [1.71−3.23], p < 0.001) or from general practitioner (OR: 2.53, [1.78−3.61], p < 0.001) had higher odds of being vaccinated. Conversely, participants seeking information on social networks (OR: 0.36, [0.27−0.49], p < 0.001), general internet/blogs forums (OR: 0.34, [0.22−0.52], p < 0.001), and from friends or acquaintances (OR: 0.66, [0.48−0.91], p = 0.011) had lower odds of being vaccinated. Additionally, results showed that information policies have failed to fully convince the population to vaccinate and that depression (p = 0.491), anxiety (p = 0.220), and stress (p = 0.521) were not determining factors leading to the decision to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Most of the vaccinated participants perceived the green-pass as potentially useful. In contrast, most unvaccinated participants believed that the green-pass is a form of discrimination and not useful (88%). Further and broader research into possible reasons for continuing or undertaking vaccination is needed. It is recommended to introduce a measure of conformism that represents a change of attitude, belief, or behavior in a narrower sense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goran Kuvačić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dražen Maleš
- Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ignazio Vecchio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Wadih Ishac
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | | | - Boris Milavić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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M J, Ganeshkumar P, Kaur P, Masanam Sriramulu H, Sakthivel M, Rubeshkumar P, Raju M, Murugesan L, Ganapathi R, Srinivasan M, Sukumar A, Ilangovan K, Reddy M, Shanmugam D, Govindasamy P, Murhekar M. Epidemiology of COVID-19 and effect of public health interventions, Chennai, India, March-October 2020: an analysis of COVID-19 surveillance system. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052067. [PMID: 35288381 PMCID: PMC8921469 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the public health strategies and their effect in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic from March to October 2020 in Chennai, India. SETTING Chennai, a densely populated metropolitan city in Southern India, was one of the five cities which contributed to more than half of the COVID-19 cases in India from March to May 2020. A comprehensive community-centric public health strategy was implemented for controlling COVID-19, including surveillance, testing, contact tracing, isolation and quarantine. In addition, there were different levels of restrictions between March and October 2020. PARTICIPANTS We collected the deidentified line list of all the 192 450 COVID-19 cases reported from 17 March to 31 October 2020 in Chennai and their contacts for the analysis. We defined a COVID-19 case based on the real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) positive test conducted in one of the government-approved labs. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes of interest were incidence of COVID-19 per million population, case fatality ratio (CFR), deaths per million, and the effective reproduction number (Rt). We also analysed the surveillance, testing, contact tracing and isolation indicators. RESULTS Of the 192 450 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Chennai from 17 March to 31 October 2020, 114 889 (60%) were males. The highest incidence was 41 064 per million population among those 61-80 years. The incidence peaked during June 2020 at 5239 per million and declined to 3627 per million in October 2020. The city reported 3543 deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 1.8%. In March, Rt was 4.2, dropped below one in July and remained so until October, even with the relaxation of restrictions. CONCLUSION The combination of public health strategies might have contributed to controlling the COVID-19 epidemic in a large, densely populated city in India. We recommend continuing the test-trace-isolate strategy and appropriate restrictions to prevent resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesan M
- Greater Chennai Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parasuraman Ganeshkumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhdeep Kaur
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manikandanesan Sakthivel
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Polani Rubeshkumar
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohankumar Raju
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Raajkumar Ganapathi
- Greater Chennai Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aswini Sukumar
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaravel Ilangovan
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy
- Greater Chennai Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Prakash Govindasamy
- Greater Chennai Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Murhekar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nawaz A, Raheel Shah SA, Su X, Dar AA, Qin Z. Analytical strategies to sense water stress level: An analysis of ground water fluctuations sensing SDGs under pandemic scenario. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132924. [PMID: 34798116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater fluctuation is directly linked with the consumption and wastage of water sources during the pandemic interval. That is why water resource planners directly target water resource and sanitation systems in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) concept. In this study, District Multan is designated as a study area with 85 distinct station points data sets from four zones taken to pursue this massive investigation. The data sets are studied analytically and graphically to explore the relationships among critical variables like population, average water consumption, groundwater elevation, water table depth, total consumption, wastage of water during the pandemic days, etc. For in-depth analysis, the statistical approaches are employed on these massive data sets to reveal the trend among each dataset point to generate predictive models. The results revealed that groundwater reservoirs and levels are continuously declining on an annual basis in the meantime, the water consumption and extraction are increasing simultaneously. The consumption during pandemic days has been increased so much at the same time the wastage and total consumption of water is rising a lot in contrast to previous daily consumption and water demand. The coefficient of determination (R-square) values vary from 0.41 to 0.93 in this investigation. It will help the utilization of developed models and water-providing organizations to forecast groundwater instabilities for the future. Moreover, the situation in the study area is very alarming in terms of water stress conditions. This study will help the decision-making agencies to produce a policy following the SDGs concept to control water consumption and higher extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nawaz
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Xing Su
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Afzal Ahmed Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, China.
| | - Zhongfu Qin
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kumaresan A, Suganthirababu P, Srinivasan V, Vijay Chandhini Y, Divyalaxmi P, Alagesan J, Vishnuram S, Ramana K, Prathap L. Prevalence of burnout syndrome among Work-From-Home IT professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2022; 71:379-384. [PMID: 35095012 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries adopted a complete or partial lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and various professions started to work-from-home. People who work-from-home experience constant stress which leads to burnout syndrome. Burnout can be defined as a chronic stress-induced occupational syndrome resulting in fatigue, decreased job productivity, and poor motivation towards the job. OBJECTIVE This research work primarily focuses on exploring the prevalence of burnout syndrome among IT professionals who work-from-home and to determine the impact of burnout in different gender and age-groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using snowball sampling method 934 IT professionals were selected based on selection criteria, explained about the study processes, and instructed to submit an online survey consist of Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI) through mail, social media, or through a researcher by direct interview. RESULTS Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data. In 25-30 years age-group, men were affected (93%) less than women (94%) and also in 31-35 years age-group, men were affected (96%) less than women (98%). Overall burnout scores of men were 94% and women were 96%. Results indicate female IT professionals were more prone experience burnout syndrome than Male population. CONCLUSIONS From the results, it is concluded that 95% of the IT professionals are suffering from burnout, where women are more prevalent to burnout when compared to male. It is also suggested that an early, routine and frequent assessment of physical status, mental status and burnout syndrome is essential to maintain mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumaresan
- Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - P Divyalaxmi
- Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - K Ramana
- Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | - Lavanya Prathap
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental college, SIMATS, Chennai, India
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Do the Benefits of School Closure Outweigh Its Costs? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052500. [PMID: 35270192 PMCID: PMC8909310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
School closure has been a common response to COVID-19. Yet, its implementation has hardly ever been based on rigorous analysis of its costs and benefits. We aim to first illustrate the unintended consequences and side effects of school closure, and then discuss the policy and research implications. This commentary frames evidence from the most recent papers on the topic from a public-health epidemiology and disaster risk reduction perspective. In particular, we argue that the benefits of school closure in terms of reduced infection rates should be better compared with its costs in terms of both short- and long-term damage on the physical, mental, and social well-being of children and society at large.
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Saha L, Kumar A, Kumar S, Korstad J, Srivastava S, Bauddh K. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on global air quality: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2022; 5:5-23. [PMID: 37519773 PMCID: PMC8819204 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-021-00213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. As a preventive measure, the majority of countries adopted partial or complete lockdown to fight the novel coronavirus. The lockdown was considered the most effective tool to break the spread of the coronavirus infection worldwide. Although lockdown damaged national economies, it has given a new dimension and opportunity to reduce environmental contamination, especially air pollution. In this study, we reviewed, analyzed and discussed the available recent literature and highlighted the impact of lockdown on the level of prominent air pollutants and consequent effects on air quality. The levels of air contaminants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) decreased globally compared to levels in the past few decades. In many megacities of the world, the concentration of PM and NO2 declined by > 60% during the lockdown period. The air quality index (AQI) also improved substantially throughout the world during the lockdown. Overall, the air quality of many urban areas improved slightly to significantly during the lockdown period. It has been observed that COVID-19 transmission and mortality rate also decreased in correlation to reduced pollution level in many cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Saha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - John Korstad
- Department of Biology and Global Environmental Sustainability, Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205 India
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Molenberghs G, Faes C, Verbeeck J, Deboosere P, Abrams S, Willem L, Aerts J, Theeten H, Devleesschauwer B, Bustos Sierra N, Renard F, Herzog S, Lusyne P, Van der Heyden J, Van Oyen H, Van Damme P, Hens N. COVID-19 mortality, excess mortality, deaths per million and infection fatality ratio, Belgium, 9 March 2020 to 28 June 2020. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2002060. [PMID: 35177167 PMCID: PMC8855510 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.7.2002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 mortality, excess mortality, deaths per million population (DPM), infection fatality ratio (IFR) and case fatality ratio (CFR) are reported and compared for many countries globally. These measures may appear objective, however, they should be interpreted with caution.AimWe examined reported COVID-19-related mortality in Belgium from 9 March 2020 to 28 June 2020, placing it against the background of excess mortality and compared the DPM and IFR between countries and within subgroups.MethodsThe relation between COVID-19-related mortality and excess mortality was evaluated by comparing COVID-19 mortality and the difference between observed and weekly average predictions of all-cause mortality. DPM were evaluated using demographic data of the Belgian population. The number of infections was estimated by a stochastic compartmental model. The IFR was estimated using a delay distribution between infection and death.ResultsIn the study period, 9,621 COVID-19-related deaths were reported, which is close to the excess mortality estimated using weekly averages (8,985 deaths). This translates to 837 DPM and an IFR of 1.5% in the general population. Both DPM and IFR increase with age and are substantially larger in the nursing home population.DiscussionDuring the first pandemic wave, Belgium had no discrepancy between COVID-19-related mortality and excess mortality. In light of this close agreement, it is useful to consider the DPM and IFR, which are both age, sex, and nursing home population-dependent. Comparison of COVID-19 mortality between countries should rather be based on excess mortality than on COVID-19-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Molenberghs
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- I-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Johan Verbeeck
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Patrick Deboosere
- Interface Demography (ID), Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Abrams
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Global Health Institute (GHI), Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lander Willem
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Aerts
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Heidi Theeten
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Françoise Renard
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sereina Herzog
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Herman Van Oyen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chavhan S, Dhikale P, Adsul B, Gokhale C, Ingale A, Kinge K. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in 1048 Health care workers hospitalised with COVID 19 in a Tertiary care hospital, India. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jss.jss_99_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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El-Desoky MM, Tharwat S, Mostafa N, Hewidy AA, Elmorsey RA, Abdelhafez MS, El-Ashry AH, Elhendawi MM, Fathy AA, Hisham FA. Association of Interleukin-17F Polymorphism and Mortality Predictors with the Risk of COVID-19. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4761631. [PMID: 36349054 PMCID: PMC9633175 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4761631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th-17 cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4 T lymphocytes, have been suggested as a possible cause of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related immunological injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL-17F (rs763780) polymorphism and the susceptibility to and outcomes of COVID-19 infection and to determine the clinical and laboratory predictors of COVID-19 death. METHODS This case-control study included 132 COVID-19 patients and 135 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The participants were tested for IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism via TaqMan-based genotyping and for the expression of IL-17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This study also investigated the predictors for COVID-19 mortality. RESULTS A non-statistically significant association was observed between IL-17F alleles and genotypes with COVID-19 (P=0.309, P=0.138, respectively). Moreover, no significant difference in the IL-17F genotypes was observed between non-survivors and survivors (P=0.482). In the multivariate analysis, the participants with the following characteristics had 17.7-, 11.2-, 8-, and 17.9-fold higher odds of exhibiting in-hospital mortality, respectively: (1) hypertension, (2) age of >57 years, (3) WBC count of >12.6 × 103/mm3, and (4) D-dimer of >0.9 ng/ml. The ROC curve analysis showed that IL-17 at a cutoff point of >46 pg/ml was a perfect discriminator of COVID-19 patients from control subjects (AUC = 1.0). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the IL-17F H161R variant does not influence the risk of COVID-19. However, the IL-17 level is a perfect discriminator of COVID-19 infection. Hypertension, age of >57 years, white blood cell count of >12.6 × 103/mm3, and D-dimer of >0.9 ng/ml are the independent predictors for death among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M. El-Desoky
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nora Mostafa
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asem A. Hewidy
- Chest Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rehab A. Elmorsey
- Chest Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona S. Abdelhafez
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira H. El-Ashry
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Elhendawi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Fathy
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fatma Azzahraa Hisham
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mary Grace NC, Babu S, Joseph A, Jacob D, Benjamin A, Anaghajyothi V, Pulpandi S, Jacob C. Pattern of comorbidities and clinical profile of young adults who died due to severe coronavirus disease: A descriptive study. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_169_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate versus Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Single Centre Study. Diseases 2021; 10:diseases10010001. [PMID: 35076497 PMCID: PMC8788538 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has a devastating impact worldwide. Recognizing factors that cause its progression is important for the utilization of appropriate resources and improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with moderate versus severe COVID-19 illness. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 3 March and 9 September 2020. Following the CDC guidelines, a two-category variable for COVID-19 severity (moderate versus severe) based on length of stay, need for intensive care or mechanical ventilation and mortality was developed. Data including demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes were assessed using descriptive and inferential analysis. A total of 1002 patients were included, the majority were male (n = 646, 64.5%), Omani citizen (n = 770, 76.8%) and with an average age of 54.2 years. At the bivariate level, patients classified as severe were older (Mean = 55.2, SD = 16) than the moderate patients (Mean = 51.5, SD = 15.8). Diabetes mellitus was the only significant comorbidity potential factor that was more prevalent in severe patients than moderate (n = 321, 46.6%; versus n = 178, 42.4%; p < 0.001). Under the laboratory factors; total white cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and corrected calcium were significant. All selected clinical characteristics and therapeutics were significant. At the multivariate level, under demographic factors, only nationality was significant and no significant comorbidity was identified. Three clinical factors were identified, including; sepsis, Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and requirement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). CRP and steroids were also identified under laboratory and therapeutic factors, respectively. Overall, our study identified only five factors from a total of eighteen proposed due to their significant values (p < 0.05) from the bivariate analysis. There are noticeable differences in levels of COVID-19 severity among nationalities. All the selected clinical and therapeutic factors were significant, implying that they should be a key priority when assessing severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. An elevated level of CRP may be a valuable early marker in predicting the progression in non-severe patients with COVID-19. Early recognition and intervention of these factors could ease the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and reduce case fatalities as well medical expenditure.
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