• Aging
• Food choices
• Food preferences
• Presbygeusia
• Taste alterations
• Taste buds

• Humans
• Aged
• Taste/physiology
• Taste Perception/physiology
• Saliva/chemistry
• Saliva/physiology
• Taste Buds/physiology
• Food Preferences

• Università degli Studi di Torino

• Oral lesion
• Palliative care
• Terminal patients, Oral mucositis, Oral candidiasis

• Neoplasms
• Oral hygiene
• Oral manifestations
• Oral problems
• Palliative care
• Practice guideline

• Humans
• Neoplasms/complications
• Palliative Care
• Stomatitis
• Systematic Reviews as Topic

• University of Dublin, Trinity College

Taste disorders in general, and dysgeusia in particular, are relatively common disorders that may be a sign of a more complex acute or chronic medical condition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, taste disorders have found their way into the realm of general as well as specialty dentistry, with significance in screening for patients who potentially may have the virus.

The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for studies focused on dysgeusia, ageusia, and other taste disorders and their relationship to local and systemic causes.

The authors found pertinent literature explaining the normal physiology of taste sensation, proposals for suggested new tastes, presence of gustatory receptors in remote tissues of the body, and etiology and pathophysiology of taste disorders, in addition to the valuable knowledge gained about gustatory disorders in the context of COVID-19. Along with olfactory disorders, taste disorders are one of the earliest suggestive symptoms of COVID-19 infection.

Gustatory disorders are the result of local or systemic etiology or both. Newer taste sensations, such as calcium and fat tastes, have been discovered, as well as taste receptors that are remote from the oropharyngeal area. Literature published during the COVID-19 pandemic to date reinforces the significance of early detection of potential patients with COVID-19 by means of screening for recent-onset taste disorders.

Timely screening and identification of potential gustatory disorders are paramount for the dental care practitioner to aid in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and other serious systemic disorders.

• COVID-19
• Dysgeusia
• burning mouth syndrome
• drug-induced
• gustation
• infections
• newer tastes
• taste disorders
• taste receptors
• virus

• COVID-19/complications
• COVID-19/diagnosis
• Dysgeusia/diagnosis
• Dysgeusia/etiology
• Humans
• Pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2
• Smell

Adverse effects can occur owing to anorexia, which can reduce treatment compliance and worsen the patients overall condition. One such side effect, namely drug-induced taste and smell disorders, reduces patients quality of life. Although antibiotics can cause taste and smell disorders, a few studies have examined antibiotic-induced taste and smell disorders. Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzed the relationship between taste and smell disorders and antibiotic usage. The side effects of antibiotics were investigated using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database (FAERS). The reporting odds ratios between the listed drugs and taste and smell disorders P values were comprehensively calculated. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to account for patient background. Furthermore, to clarify the feature of this adverse effect, shape parameters indicating the expression pattern were calculated. Signals that induced taste and smell disorders were detected for six antibiotics, including drugs for which this event is not described in the package insert in Japan. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested an association of taste and smell disorders with gender, hypertension, mental disorder, and cancer. The median time to onset of antibiotic-induced taste and smell disorders was 2–5 days. Six antibiotics could be analyzed, and four of these drugs matched those with detected signals. Our study supported previous findings on gender and age. Furthermore, antibiotic-induced taste and smell disorders are likely to develop in the early stage of treatment. For these reasons, it is important to remember the risk of developing of taste and smell disorders when administering antibiotics. In addition, it is recommended that the patient be monitored carefully for at least 1 week before initiating treatment, and the patients course should be followed for at least 2 months.

Oral healthcare professionals are frequently confronted with patients using drugs on a daily basis. These drugs can cause taste disorders as adverse effect. The literature that discusses drug‐induced taste disorders is fragmented. This article aims to support oral healthcare professionals in their decision making whether a taste disorder can be due to use of drugs by providing a comprehensive overview of drugs with taste disorders as an adverse effect.

The national drug information database for Dutch pharmacists, based on scientific drug information, guidelines, and summaries of product characteristics, was analyzed for drug‐induced taste disorders. “MedDRA classification” and “Anatomic Therapeutical Chemical codes” were used to categorize the results.

Of the 1,645 drugs registered in the database, 282 (17%) were documented with “dysgeusia” and 61 (3.7%) with “hypogeusia.” Drug‐induced taste disorders are reported in all drug categories, but predominantly in “antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents,” “antiinfectives for systemic use,” and “nervous system.” In ~45%, “dry mouth” coincided as adverse effect with taste disorders.

Healthcare professionals are frequently confronted with drugs reported to cause taste disorders. This article provides an overview of these drugs to support clinicians in their awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of drug‐induced taste disorders.

• drug-induced taste disorders
• drugs adverse effects
• dysgeusia
• hypogeusia
• oral adverse effects

• Dysgeusia
• Enzalutamide
• Taste alternation
• Timing of intake
• Xtandi