• Clinical trial, Iran
• Heart failure
• Outcome
• Self-monitoring
• Traffic light diary

• Adult
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Female
• Quality of Life
• Iran
• Single-Blind Method
• Australia
• Heart Failure/therapy

• Humans
• Heart Failure/diagnosis
• Heart Failure/therapy
• Mobile Applications

• elderly monitoring
• gerontechnology
• mobile application
• successful aging

• Aged
• Humans
• Mobile Applications
• Monitoring, Physiologic/methods
• Nursing Homes
• Risk Assessment
• Technology

This study aims to enhance researchers’ and nurses’ understanding of how to best support migrant patients with heart failure in self-care management. Previous research on self-care in heart failure patients has highlighted its importance, particularly among migrant populations. Nurses play an important role in informing and engaging patients with chronic conditions like heart failure to support their active participation in self-care. However, nurses’ experiences of providing self-care counseling to migrant populations with heart failure have not been studied.

A qualitative study was conducted. Nurses working with migrant patients with HF (n = 13) from different types of facility in Western Sweden were interviewed between October and December 2020. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

The main theme that emerged from the interviews was the difficulty for nurses “to find balance” in self-care counseling. The nurses during self-care counseling had: “to accept challenges,” “to use creative strategies,” faced “problems related to health literacy,” and “to work according to their (the nurses’) obligations.” It was evident that nurses faced several challenges in counseling migrants in self-care, including language and cultural barriers, time resource constraints, low levels of health literacy, and experienced disharmony between the law and their professional norms. They perceived building caring relationships with their patients to be crucial to fostering health-promoting self-care processes.

To increase self-care adherence, nurses must become more sensitive to cultural differences and adapt self-care counseling to patients’ health literacy. The findings of this research support and challenge nurses in providing the best counsel to migrant patients with heart failure living in Sweden’s multi-ethnic society. Policymakers in the health care organization should act to facilitate mutual cultural understanding between all involved partners for patient-safe self-care counseling.

• Counseling
• Culture
• Health literacy
• Heart failure
• Language
• Migrant patients
• Nurses’ experiences
• Self care
• Transients and migrants

The treatment of heart failure not only needs to relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients but also needs to select scientific and reasonable ways to prevent or delay the progression of the disease, thus reducing the mortality and hospitalization rate. Although the previous regimen can effectively relieve symptoms in the early stage of treatment, long-term use may cause adverse events, such as arrhythmia, and even increase mortality. Therefore, conventional treatment cannot meet the actual health needs of patients, and scientific nursing intervention is very necessary.

To investigate the application of self-care based on full-course individualized health education (FCIHE) and its influencing factors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

We enrolled CHF patients who were admitted to our center between September 2015 and June 2016 and divided them into an intervention group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50) using a random number table. Routine nursing care was applied to the control group, and FCIHE was offered to the intervention group. The self-care behavior, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scores were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of the self-care were also analyzed.

The 6MWD was not significantly different between the two groups at admission (P > 0.05); however, at 3 and 6 mo after discharge, 6MWD was significantly increased, and it was significantly longer in the intervention group (P < 0.05). The scores for self-care behavior showed no significant difference at admission between the two groups (P > 0.05); however, at 3 and 6 mo after discharge, the total scores for self-care maintenance, management, confidence, and behavior of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the SF-36 scores at admission (P > 0.05); however, at 3 mo and 6 mo after discharge, the scores for all eight subscales, including physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role-limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health, were significantly higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05). As shown by logistic regression analysis, the influencing factors of self-care mainly included age, cardiac function class, and education background (odds ratio > 1; all P < 0.05).

FCIHE improved self-care behavior and cardiac function in CHF patients. Age, cardiac function, and education level affected the implementation of self-care among CHF patients.

• Full-course individualized health education
• Chronic heart failure
• Self-care
• Influencing factors