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Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Varga P, Lehoczki A, Munkácsy G, Fekete JT, Bianchini G, Ocana A, Buda A, Ungvari A, Győrffy B. Association between red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective studies. GeroScience 2025:10.1007/s11357-025-01646-1. [PMID: 40210826 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-025-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that red and processed meat consumption may elevate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the magnitude and consistency of this association remain debated. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the relationship between red and processed meat intake and the risk of CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer using the most comprehensive set of prospective studies to date. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to November 2024, to identify relevant prospective studies examining red, processed, and total meat consumption in relation to colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted for each study and pooled using a random-effects model to account for variability among studies. Statistical evaluation was executed using the online platform MetaAnalysisOnline.com. A total of 60 prospective studies were included. Red meat consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.30), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.21), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39). Processed meat consumption showed similar associations with increased risk for colon cancer (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.20), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30). Total meat consumption also correlated with an elevated risk of colon cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.35), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.12-1.22), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.48). This meta-analysis provides robust evidence that high consumption of red and processed meats is significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal, colon, and rectal cancers. These findings reinforce current dietary recommendations advocating for the limitation of red and processed meat intake as part of cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division/Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Varga
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Munkácsy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- INTHEOS-CEU-START Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annamaria Buda
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, H- 7624, Pecs, Hungary
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Longobardi S. Colorectal cancer: local results and significance in Hungary. J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 15:2552-2577. [PMID: 39816032 PMCID: PMC11732334 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-24-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes substantial morbidity and mortality internationally. In Hungary, the incidence and mortality of CRC are among the world's highest. Fortunately, CRC is a highly preventable disease, since there is a long asymptomatic phase before neoplastic transformation. Numerous countries have instituted programs for CRC screening. However, Hungary did not implement population-based screening programs until December 2018, consisting of a voluntary 2-step screening program based on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and if positive, referral to colonoscopy. Asymptomatic individuals aged over 50 years were invited to participate in the 2-step program. This study aims to analyze the results of these colonoscopies and raise public awareness of the CRC disease process and prevention, especially in Hungary. Methods Various literature sources were reviewed, and external information was gathered and consolidated based on CRC etiopathogenesis, management options, screening options, cost, benefits, modalities, and quality control. Semmelweis University Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology's database was accessed for the cross-sectional study results of 168 screening colonoscopies within the 2-step program from 2019 to 2020. I quantified and compared the results obtained during the colonoscopies with that of said literature within Hungary and worldwide. Results Colonoscopy was performed in 168 patients of average age 63.4 years. The incidence of CRCs in the population was 4.76%. Among the CRC cases, 75% were in the rectosigmoid area and 25% were in the remaining colon. The total adenoma detection rate (ADR) in the study was 57.1%, higher than the recommended 25% for adequate screening colonoscopy. The total number of resected polyps was 270; 8.1% were adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and 0.76% contained CRC. Out of the 185 resected adenomas, 141 were tubular, 34 were tubulovillous, and 10 were villous. Adenoma localizations included 14.6% rectum, 38.4% sigmoid, 11.9% descending colon, 8.6% transverse colon, 17.8% ascending colon, and 8.6% cecum. The average age of CRC patients was 63.9 years (range, 56-68 years) with a slight female predominance (5 females, 3 males). The ADR of the different endoscopists did not seem to correlate with experience. Optimal participation rate of the screening program would be >60%. Population outreach through mailed FIT is evidence-based and shown to increase CRC screening rates in underserved populations. Conclusions Hungary would benefit immensely in most aspects from mandatory, population-based CRC screening with this 2-step program. This alternative is proposed in lieu of 1-step screening, because of the limited capacity for colonoscopy in the country and the limited participation rates in the screened population. To reach maximum cost-benefit, the participation rate of the screened population must be >60%, with >80% of FIT positive test results being referred to colonoscopy. Consolidation and distribution of the screening program through population outreach will bring about substantial reductions in mortality from CRC. Further studies are warranted on the feasibility and sustainability of this 2-step program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Longobardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME, HCA Florida Blake Hospital, Bradenton, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University Alumnus, Budapest, Hungary
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Vonderschmidt A, Jaacks LM, Alexander P, Green R, Bellows AL, Stewart C. Smaller meat portions contribute the most to reducing meat consumption in the United Kingdom. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:982-987. [PMID: 39487348 PMCID: PMC11655353 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Reducing meat consumption can help improve environmental and health outcomes, yet the effect of specific meat-reducing strategies is context dependent. Here, using decomposition analysis of National Diet and Nutrition Survey data (2008-2009 to 2018-2019), we found that in the United Kingdom, reduced meat portions had the largest impact on total meat consumption decline (52%), followed by fewer meat-eating days (24%), fewer meat consumers (17%) and fewer meat-eating meal occasions (7%). Understanding meat consumption behaviour patterns is key for more effective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vonderschmidt
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Peter Alexander
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexandra L Bellows
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Cristina Stewart
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Peng J, Ma J, Lu J, Ran H, Yuan Z, Zhou H, Huang Y, Xiao Y. Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is associated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18617. [PMID: 39588000 PMCID: PMC11587878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) had been associated with survival of several cancers. However, its prognostic significance for colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been effectively discussed. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline serum NSE and the overall survival (OS) of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAD) patients. Methods A retrospective study had been conducted by including 564 histopathology confirmed CRAD patients between January 2013 and December 2018 from Yunnan Provincial Cancer hospital, China. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between serum NSE measured at diagnosis and the OS of the patients. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was further applied to delineate dose-response trend of the NSE-OS association. Results After controlling for possible confounding factors, baseline serum NSE was significantly associated with OS in CRAD: when dichotomizing by the median, patients with higher baseline serum NSE (NSE >= 12.93 ng/mL) were observed a worse prognosis (hazard ratio, HR: 1.82, 95% CI [1.30-2.55], p < 0.01). Stratified analysis by tumor stage revealed a stronger NSE-OS association in advanced CRAD patients. RCS disclosed a prominent dose-response relationship in NSE-OS association for all CRAD patients: along with the increase of baseline serum NSE, the adjusted HR of CRAD patients increased gradually. This dose-response trend is also evident in advanced stage CRAD patients, but not in early stage CRAD patients. Conclusions Serum NSE measured at diagnosis might be a useful prognostic indicator for CRAD, especially for advanced stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Peng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Ma
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hailiang Ran
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongqin Yuan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Kühn T, Kalotai N, Amini AM, Haardt J, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Buyken AE, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Watzl B, Zittermann A, Nimptsch K. Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1471-1486. [PMID: 38643440 PMCID: PMC11329548 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been proposed that a higher habitual protein intake may increase cancer risk, possibly via upregulated insulin-like growth factor signalling. Since a systematic evaluation of human studies on protein intake and cancer risk based on a standardised assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) is lacking, we carried out an umbrella review of SRs on protein intake in relation to risks of different types of cancer. METHODS Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and cancer risk published before January 22th 2024, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was rated according to predefined criteria. RESULTS Ten SRs were identified, of which eight included meta-analyses. Higher total protein intake was not associated with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer incidence. The methodological quality of the included SRs ranged from critically low (kidney cancer), low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) and moderate (breast and prostate cancer) to high (colorectal cancer). The outcome-specific certainty of the evidence underlying the reported findings on protein intake and cancer risk ranged from very low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) to low (colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer). Animal and plant protein intakes were not associated with cancer risks either at a low (breast and prostate cancer) or very low (pancreatic and prostate cancer) outcome-specific certainty of the evidence. Overall, the evidence for the lack of an association between protein intake and (i) colorectal cancer risk and (ii) breast cancer risk was rated as possible. By contrast, the evidence underlying the other reported results was rated as insufficient. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that higher total protein intake may not be associated with the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, while conclusions on protein intake in relation to risks of other types of cancer are restricted due to insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Prasath ST, Navaneethan C. Colorectal cancer prognosis based on dietary pattern using synthetic minority oversampling technique with K-nearest neighbors approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17709. [PMID: 39085324 PMCID: PMC11292025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally, a person's life span depends on their food consumption because it may cause deadly diseases like colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2020, colorectal cancer accounted for one million fatalities globally, representing 10% of all cancer casualties. 76,679 males and 78,213 females over the age of 59 from ten states in the United States participated in this analysis. During follow-up, 1378 men and 981 women were diagnosed with colon cancer. This prospective cohort study used 231 food items and their variants as input features to identify CRC patients. Before labelling any foods as colorectal cancer-causing foods, it is ethical to analyse facts like how many grams of food should be consumed daily and how many times a week. This research examines five classification algorithms on real-time datasets: K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression with Classifier Chain (LRCC), and Logistic Regression with Label Powerset (LRLC). Then, the SMOTE algorithm is applied to deal with and identify imbalances in the data. Our study shows that eating more than 10 g/d of low-fat butter in bread (RR 1.99, CI 0.91-4.39) and more than twice a week (RR 1.49, CI 0.93-2.38) increases CRC risk. Concerning beef, eating in excess of 74 g of beef steak daily (RR 0.88, CI 0.50-1.55) and having it more than once a week (RR 0.88, CI 0.62-1.23) decreases the risk of CRC, respectively. While eating beef and dairy products in a daily diet should be cautious about quantity. Consuming those items in moderation on a regular basis will protect us against CRC risk. Meanwhile, a high intake of poultry (RR 0.2, CI 0.05-0.81), fish (RR 0.82, CI 0.31-2.16), and pork (RR 0.67, CI 0.17-2.65) consumption negatively correlates to CRC hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thanga Prasath
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Navaneethan
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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González A, Odriozola I, Fullaondo A, Odriozola A. Microbiota and detrimental protein derived metabolites in colorectal cancer. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 112:255-308. [PMID: 39396838 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer in incidence and the second leading cancer in mortality worldwide. There is growing scientific evidence to support the crucial role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC. The gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the host gut in a symbiotic relationship. Diet plays a crucial role in modulating the risk of CRC, with a high intake of red and processed meat being a risk factor for the development of CRC. The production of metabolites derived from protein fermentation by the gut microbiota is considered a crucial element in the interaction between red and processed meat consumption and the development of CRC. This paper examines several metabolites derived from the bacterial fermentation of proteins associated with an increased risk of CRC. These metabolites include ammonia, polyamines, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), N-nitroso compounds (NOC), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), phenolic compounds (p-cresol) and indole compounds (indolimines). These compounds are depicted and reviewed for their association with CRC risk, possible mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis and their relationship with the gut microbiota. Additionally, this paper analyses the evidence related to the role of red and processed meat intake and CRC risk and the factors and pathways involved in bacterial proteolytic fermentation in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana González
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Asier Fullaondo
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
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Kennedy J, Alexander P, Taillie LS, Jaacks LM. Estimated effects of reductions in processed meat consumption and unprocessed red meat consumption on occurrences of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality in the USA: a microsimulation study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e441-e451. [PMID: 38969472 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of processed meat and unprocessed red meat is associated with increased risk of multiple chronic diseases, although there is substantial uncertainty regarding the relationship for unprocessed red meat. We developed a microsimulation model to estimate how reductions in processed meat and unprocessed red meat consumption could affect rates of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality in the US adult population. METHODS We used data from two versions of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, one conducted during 2015-16 and one conducted during 2017-18, to create a simulated US population. The starting cohort was restricted to respondents aged 18 years or older who were not pregnant and had 2 days of dietary-recall data. First, we used previously developed risk models to estimate the baseline disease risk of an individual. For type 2 diabetes we used a logistic-regression model and for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer we used Cox proportional-hazard models. We then multiplied baseline risk by relative risk associated with individual processed meat and unprocessed red meat consumption. Prevented occurrences of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and mortality were computed by taking the difference between the incidence in the baseline and intervention scenarios. All stages were repeated for ten iterations to correspond to a 10-year time span. Scenarios were reductions of 5%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in grams consumed of processed meat, unprocessed red meat, or both. Each scenario was repeated 50 times for uncertainty analysis. FINDINGS The total number of individual respondents included in the simulated population was 8665, representing 242 021 876 US adults. 4493 (51·9%) of 8665 individuals were female and 4172 (48·1%) were male; mean age was 49·54 years (SD 18·38). At baseline, weighted mean daily consumption of processed meat was 29·1 g, with a 30% reduction being 8·7 g per day, and of unprocessed red meat was 46·7 g, with a 30% reduction being 14·0 g per day. We estimated that a 30% reduction in processed meat intake alone could lead to 352 900 (95% uncertainty interval 345 500-359 900) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 92 500 (85 600-99 900) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 53 300 (51 400-55 000) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 16 700 (15 300-17 700) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. A 30% reduction in unprocessed red meat intake alone could lead to 732 600 (725 700-740 400) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 291 500 (283 900-298 800) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 32 200 (31 500-32 700) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 46 100 (45 300-47 200) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. A 30% reduction in both processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake could lead to 1 073 400 (1 060 100-1 084 700) fewer occurrences of type 2 diabetes, 382 400 (372 100-391 000) fewer occurrences of cardiovascular disease, 84 400 (82 100-86 200) fewer occurrences of colorectal cancer, and 62 200 (60 600-64 400) fewer all-cause deaths during the 10-year period. INTERPRETATION Reductions in processed meat consumption could reduce the burden of some chronic diseases in the USA. However, more research is needed to increase certainty in the estimated effects of reducing unprocessed red meat consumption. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kennedy
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Peter Alexander
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Byrd DA, Zouiouich S, Karwa S, Li XS, Wang Z, Sampson JN, Loftfield E, Huang WY, Hazen SL, Sinha R. Associations of serum trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with colorectal cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. Cancer 2024; 130:1982-1990. [PMID: 38285606 PMCID: PMC11441407 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake influences gut microbiome composition, which in turn may be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations of the gut microbiome with colorectal carcinogenesis may be mediated through bacterially regulated, metabolically active metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, choline, L-carnitine, and betaine. METHODS Prospective associations of circulating TMAO and its precursors with CRC risk were investigated. TMAO, choline, betaine, and L-carnitine were measured in baseline serum samples from 761 incident CRC cases and 1:1 individually matched controls in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort using targeted fully quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry panels. Prospective associations of the metabolites with CRC risk, using multivariable conditional logistic regression, were measured. Associations of a priori-selected dietary exposures with the four metabolites were also investigated. RESULTS TMAO and its precursors were not associated with CRC risk overall, but TMAO and choline were positively associated with higher risk for distal CRC (continuous ORQ90 vs. Q10 [95% CI] = 1.90 [CI, 1.24-2.92; p = .003] and 1.26 [1.17-1.36; p < .0001], respectively). Conversely, choline was inversely associated with rectal cancer (ORQ90 vs. Q10 [95% CI] = 0.77 [0.76-0.79; p < .001]). Red meat, which was previously associated with CRC risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort , was positively associated with TMAO (Spearman rho = 0.10; p = .0003). CONCLUSIONS Serum TMAO and choline may be associated with higher risk of distal CRC, and red meat may be positively associated with serum TMAO. These findings provide insight into a potential microbially mediated mechanism underlying CRC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A Byrd
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Department of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Smriti Karwa
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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10
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Yeh PG, Choh AC, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Lairson DR, Reininger BM. The association of cancer-preventive lifestyle with colonoscopy screening use in border Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01885-1. [PMID: 38743343 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between engaging in two domains of cancer-preventive behaviors, lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening, is unknown in Hispanic adults. Accordingly, the study examined the association between lifestyle and colonoscopy screening in Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border, where there is suboptimal colorectal cancer prevention. METHODS Lifestyle behavior adherence and compliance with colonoscopy screening schedules were assessed using 2013-2023 data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohorta population-based sample of Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico border. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund scoring system characterized healthy lifestyle engagement. Multivariable logistic regression quantified the association between lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening. RESULTS Among 914 Hispanic adults, there was a mean adherence score of 2.5 out of 7 for recommended behaviors. Only 33.0% (95% CI 25.64-41.39%) were up-to-date with colonoscopy. Complete adherence to fruit and vegetable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] 5.2, 95% CI 1.68-16.30; p = 0.004), fiber (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.06-4.37; p = 0.04), and ultra-processed foods (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.30-6.21; p = 0.01) consumption recommendations were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy screening. Having insurance versus being uninsured (AOR 10.8, 95% CI 3.83-30.62; p < 0.001) and having local medical care versus in Mexico (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 2.26-21.43; p < 0.001) were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to dietary lifestyle recommendations was associated with being up-to-date with colonoscopy screenings. Those with poor dietary behavior are at risk for low-colonoscopy use. Improving lifestyle behaviors may complement colonoscopy promotion interventions. Healthcare accessibility influences up-to-date colonoscopy prevalence. Our findings can inform cancer prevention strategies for the Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gerardo Yeh
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street RAS E-311, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Audrey C Choh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David R Lairson
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street RAS E-311, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Belinda M Reininger
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
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11
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Stadnik J. Nutritional Value of Meat and Meat Products and Their Role in Human Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1446. [PMID: 38794684 PMCID: PMC11124005 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products are among the most nutrient-dense food sources in the human diet [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stadnik
- Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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12
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El Sadig R, Wu J. Are novel plant-based meat alternatives the healthier choice? Food Res Int 2024; 183:114184. [PMID: 38760126 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The global market for plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) is expanding quickly. In this narrative review, analysis of the most recent scientific literature was achieved to understand the nutritional profile, health implications, and the challenges faced by PBMAs. On the positive side, most PBMAs are good sources of dietary fiber, contain phytochemicals, have comparable levels of iron, and are lower in calories, saturated fat, and cholesterol than meat. However, PBMAs frequently contain anti-nutrients, have less protein, iron, and vitamin B12, are lower in protein quality, and also have higher amounts of sodium. Substituting PBMAs for meats may cause iron, vitamin B12, and less likely protein deficiency for these vulnerable population such as women, older adults, and individuals with disorders. PBMAs fall into the category of ultra-processed foods, indicating a need to develop minimally processed, clean-label products. Replacing red meat with healthy plant-based foods is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and total mortality. There is a lack of robust, long-term evidence on the role of PBMAs consumption in health. As the nutrient contents of PBMAs can vary, consumers must read nutrition facts labels and ingredient lists to select a product that best fits their nutritional and health objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan El Sadig
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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13
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Roshandel G, Ghasemi-Kebria F, Malekzadeh R. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1530. [PMID: 38672612 PMCID: PMC11049480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are disparities in the epidemiology of CRC across different populations, most probably due to differences in exposure to lifestyle and environmental factors related to CRC. Prevention is the most effective method for controlling CRC. Primary prevention includes determining and avoiding modifiable risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, and dietary factors) as well as increasing protective factors (e.g., physical activity, aspirin). Further studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, are needed to clarify the association between CRC incidence and exposure to different risk factors or protective factors. Detection and removal of precancerous colorectal lesions is also an effective strategy for controlling CRC. Multiple factors, both at the individual and community levels (e.g., patient preferences, availability of screening modalities, costs, benefits, and adverse events), should be taken into account in designing and implementing CRC screening programs. Health policymakers should consider the best decision in identifying the starting age and selection of the most effective screening strategies for the target population. This review aims to present updated evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi-Kebria
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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14
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Azwar S, Ng CT, Zahari Sham SY, Seow HF, Chai M, Ghazali MF, Jabar MF. Possible Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs GNAS-AS1 and MIR205HG in the Modulation of 5-Fluorouracil Chemosensitivity in Colon Cancer Cells through Increased Extracellular Release of Exosomes. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:25. [PMID: 38668383 PMCID: PMC11054952 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have suggested the involvement of long non-coding RNAs as the key players in not just the initiation and progression of the tumor microenvironment, but also in chemotherapy tolerance. In the present study, generated 5-FU-resistant SW480/DR cells were analyzed via cDNA microarray for its aberrant lncRNAs and mRNAs expression in comparison with the 5-FU-susceptible SW480/DS cells. Among the 126 lncRNAs described, lncRNAs GNAS-AS1, MIR205HG, and LOC102723721 have been identified to be significantly upregulated, while lncRNs lnc-RP11-597K23.2.1-2, LOC100507639, and CCDC144NL-AS1 have been found to be significantly downregulated. In the meantime, bioinformatic analysis through gene ontology studies of aberrantly expressed mRNAs revealed "regulated exocytosis", among others, as the biological process most impacted in SW480/DR cells. To investigate, exosome purification was then carried out and its characterization were validated via transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Interestingly, it was determined that the 5-FU-resistant SW480/DR cells secretes significantly higher concentration of extracellular vesicles, particularly, exosomes when compared to the 5-FU-susceptible SW480/DS cells. Based on the lncRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis generated, lncRNA GNAS-AS1 and MIR205HG have been identified to be potentially involved in the incidence of 5-FU resistance in SW480 colon cancer cells through promoting increased release of exosomes into the intercellular matrix. Our study hopes not only to provide insights on the list of involved candidate lncRNAs, but also to elucidate the role exosomes play in the initiation and development of 5-FU chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Azwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.Z.S.)
| | - Chin Tat Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Yazmin Zahari Sham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.Z.S.)
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.Y.Z.S.)
| | - Minhian Chai
- School of Animal, Aquatic and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Malaysia; (M.C.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Mohd Faizal Ghazali
- School of Animal, Aquatic and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Malaysia; (M.C.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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15
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Willits-Smith A, Taillie LS, Jaacks LM, Frank SM, Grummon AH. Effects of red meat taxes and warning labels on food groups selected in a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:39. [PMID: 38622655 PMCID: PMC11020801 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of red and processed meat contributes to both health and environmental harms. Warning labels and taxes for red meat reduce selection of red meat overall, but little is known about how these potential policies affect purchases of subcategories of red meat (e.g., processed versus unprocessed) or of non-red-meat foods (e.g., cheese, pulses) relevant to health and environmental outcomes. This study examined consumer responses to warning labels and taxes for red meat in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS In October 2021, we recruited 3,518 US adults to complete a shopping task in a naturalistic online grocery store. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four arms: control (no warning labels or tax), warning labels only (health and environmental warning labels appeared next to products containing red meat), tax only (prices of products containing red meat were increased 30%) or combined warning labels + tax. Participants selected items to hypothetically purchase, which we categorized into food groups based on the presence of animal- and plant-source ingredients (e.g., beef, eggs, pulses), meat processing level (e.g., processed pork versus unprocessed pork), and meat species (e.g., beef versus pork). We assessed the effects of the warning labels and tax on selections from each food group. RESULTS Compared to control, all three interventions led participants to select fewer items with processed meat (driven by reductions in processed pork) and (for the tax and warning labels + tax interventions only) fewer items with unprocessed meat (driven by reductions in unprocessed beef). All three interventions also led participants to select more items containing cheese, while only the combined warning labels + tax intervention led participants to select more items containing processed poultry. Except for an increase in selection of pulses in the tax arm, the interventions did not affect selections of fish or seafood (processed or unprocessed), eggs, or plant-based items (pulses, nuts & seeds, tofu, meat mimics, grains & potatoes, vegetables). CONCLUSIONS Policies to reduce red meat consumption are also likely to affect consumption of other types of foods that are relevant to both health and environmental outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04716010 on www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Willits-Smith
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27516, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27516, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27516, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Sarah M Frank
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Anna H Grummon
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3145 Porter Drive, A103, 94034, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Yarmand S, Abdollahi N, Nejad ET, Souni F, Vali M, Nouri M, Shateri Z, Rashidkhani B. Association between adherence to a dietary approach to stop hypertension and the Mediterranean diets and risk of colorectal cancer: A matched case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:195-202. [PMID: 38479910 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate whether the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean (MED) diets are associated with CRC in Iranian adults. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 71 cases and 142 controls (40-75 years old) in three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The dietary intakes of individuals were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that included 125 food items. The DASH and MED diet scores were calculated according to food items based on guidelines. Two logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between DASH and MED score adherence. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, a negative association between DASH diet adherence and CRC risk was observed in the second and last tertile compared to the first tertile (T) (T2: odds ratio (OR) = 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14-0.77 - T3: OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03-0.27). There was no significant association between the MED diet and the risk of CRC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current study's findings presented that adherence to a DASH diet could reduce the odds of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazin Yarmand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nooshin Abdollahi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Health Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Health Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Elham Tavassoli Nejad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fateme Souni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Abioye AI, Hughes MD, Sudfeld CR, Noor RA, Isanaka S, Lukmanji Z, Mugusi F, Fawzi WW. Dietary Iron Intake and HIV-Related Outcomes Among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:57-65. [PMID: 37199401 PMCID: PMC10524611 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anemia is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and is often due to iron deficiency. This study evaluated the relationship of dietary iron intake levels and sources with mortality and clinical outcomes among adults initiating HAART. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of a multivitamin supplementation trial among 2293 PLWHIV initiating HAART in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS Dietary iron intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at HAART initiation, and participants followed until death or censoring. Total, animal-, and plant-sourced iron were categorized into quartiles. Intake of food groups was categorized into 0-1, 2-3, and ≥4 servings/wk. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios for mortality and incident clinical outcomes. RESULTS There were 175 deaths (8%). Red meat intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.83), AIDS-related mortality (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.85), and severe anemia (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.91), when intake ≥4 servings/wk, compared with 0-1 servings/wk. Legume intake was a lower risk of associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.77) and AIDS-related mortality (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.61), when intake ≥4 servings/wk, compared with 0-1 servings/wk. Although total dietary iron and overall plant-sourced iron intake were not associated with the risk of mortality or HIV-related outcomes, the highest quartile of animal-sourced iron intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.90) and a lower risk of AIDS-related mortality (HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.90), compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION Intake of iron-rich food groups may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and critical HIV-related outcomes among adults initiating HAART. TRIAL REGISTRATION The parent trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov . Identifier: NCT00383669.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Departments of Nutrition
- Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sheila Isanaka
- Departments of Nutrition
- Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ferdinand Mugusi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Departments of Nutrition
- Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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18
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Zhu Z, Guan X, Liu N, Zhu X, Dai S, Xiong D, Li X. Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187539. [PMID: 37575321 PMCID: PMC10413578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary factors may affect the incidence of colorectal serrated polyps (SP). However, its effects on SP are unclear as epidemiological studies on this topic have showed inconsistent results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of dietary factors on SPs. Methods Studies regarding the association between dietary factors and SPs were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Literature database from inception until 27 February 2023. Search terms include serrated, hyperplastic, adenoma, polyps, colorectal, rectal, rectum and risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model, and the pooled effects were expressed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Probable sources of heterogeneity were identified through meta-regression. Subgroup analysis were based on lesion types, study designs, countries, and so on. Results 28 studies were ultimately eligible after scanning, and five dietary factors including vitamin D, calcium, folate, fiber and red or processed meat were excerpted. Higher intakes of vitamin D (OR = 0.95, 95%CI:0.90-1.02), calcium (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.91-1.03) and folate (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.6-1.13) were not significantly associated with SP. Fiber intake (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) was a protective factor against SPs. Red meat intake increased the risk of SPs by 30% for the highest versus lowest intakes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.51). For different lesion types, higher folate intake was associated with a decreased risk of HPs (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.44-0.79), and higher vitamin D intake decreased the risk of SPs including SSA/P (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.98). Conclusions Higher dietary fiber intake plays an effective role in preventing SP, while red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of SP. This evidence provides guidance for us to prevent SP from a dietary perspective. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, RecordID=340750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xifei Guan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nawen Liu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehai Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Khamis T, Diab AAAA, Zahra MH, El-Dahmy SE, Abd Al-Hameed BA, Abdelkhalek A, Said MA, Abdellatif H, Fericean LM, Banatean-Dunea I, Arisha AH, Attia MS. The Antiproliferative Activity of Adiantum pedatum Extract and/or Piceatannol in Phenylhydrazine-Induced Colon Cancer in Male Albino Rats: The miR-145 Expression of the PI-3K/ Akt/ p53 and Oct4/ Sox2/ Nanog Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:5543. [PMID: 37513415 PMCID: PMC10383735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Despite advances in medical science, the treatment of colon cancer still poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Adiantum pedatum (AP) extract and/or piceatannol on colon cancer induced via phenylhydrazine (PHZ) in terms of the antioxidant and apoptotic pathways and histopathologic changes in the colons of male albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control, AP extract, piceatannol (P), PHZ, PHZ and AP treatments, PHZ and P treatments, PHZ and both AP and P, and PHZ and prophylaxis with both AP and P. The results demonstrated that PHZ induced oxidative damage, apoptosis, and histopathological changes compared to the control group. However, the administration of AP or P or AP + P as therapy or prophylaxis significantly ameliorated these changes and upregulated the colonic mir-145 and mRNA expression of P53 and PDCD-4 while downregulating the colonic mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, c-Myc, CK-20, SOX-2, OCT-4, and NanoG compared to the PHZ group. These findings suggest that the candidate drugs may exert their anti-cancer effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mansour H Zahra
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Samih Ebrahim El-Dahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Said
- Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdellatif
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Liana Mihaela Fericean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I" from Timisoara [ULST], Aradului St. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Banatean-Dunea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I" from Timisoara [ULST], Aradului St. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Nadeem S, Dinesh K, Tasneef Z, Bhavna S, Rahul S, Kiran B. Dietary risk factors in gastrointestinal cancers: A case-control study in North India. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1385-1391. [PMID: 37787313 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1830_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background One-third of all cancer deaths are preventable by alterations in diet. Methods A case control study was conducted in a Regional Cancer Center in North India to evaluate the relationship of diet with selected gastrointestinal cancers. A total of 171 cases, 151 hospital controls, and 167 healthy controls were interviewed using food frequency questionnaire. Data was analyzed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and Chi-square test. Results Two to three times increased risk of GI cancers was observed with hot and salted tea. Alcohol [OR 2.30 (1.32-4)] and smoking [OR (2.77 (1.77-4.33)] emerged as risk factors in healthy controls among whom freshly prepared food had significant protective effect [OR 0.57 (0.37-0.88)]. Sweet tea showed protective effect in hospital and healthy controls (OR 0.33 and 0.26, respectively). NSAIDS was associated with significantly higher risk of GI cancers. Consumption of dietary fibers decreased risk, which was significant for wheat and pulses but insignificant for rice. Vegetables and fruits showed significant protective effect ranging from 20 to 80% while intake of non-vegetarian foods showed significantly higher odds among controls (OR 2.37-13.4). Odds of GI cancer cases having consumed chutneys and pickles were significantly higher in comparison to healthy controls while consumption of dairy products showed protection. Low and medium intake of mixed spices inclusive of curcumin showed protection (OR 0.13 and 0.39, respectively) while intake of red chillies was associated with 2-30 times significantly higher odds. Conclusions We have been able to generate baseline evidence of association between diet and selected GI cancers to encourage prevention and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoket Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, American Oncology Institute, ASCOMS Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
| | - Kumar Dinesh
- Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS Vijaypur, Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
| | - Zargar Tasneef
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu, Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
| | - Sahni Bhavna
- Department of Community Medicine, ASCOMS Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
| | - Sharma Rahul
- Department of Radiotherapy, GMC Jammu, Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
| | - Bala Kiran
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu, Jammu, Union Territory of J and K, India
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21
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Grummon AH, Musicus AA, Salvia MG, Thorndike AN, Rimm EB. Impact of Health, Environmental, and Animal Welfare Messages Discouraging Red Meat Consumption: An Online Randomized Experiment. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:466-476.e26. [PMID: 36223865 PMCID: PMC10166581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing red meat consumption is a key strategy for curbing diet-related chronic diseases and mitigating environmental harms from livestock farming. Messaging interventions aiming to reduce red meat consumption have focused on communicating the animal welfare, health, or environmental harms of red meat. Despite the popularity of these 3 approaches, it remains unknown which is most effective, as limited studies have compared them side by side. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate responses to red-meat-reduction messages describing animal welfare, health, or environmental harms. DESIGN This was an online randomized experiment. PARTICIPANTS In August 2021, a convenience sample of US adults was recruited via an online panel to complete a survey (n = 2,773 nonvegetarians and vegans were included in primary analyses). INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to view 1 of the 4 following messages: control (neutral, non-red meat message), animal welfare, health, or environmental red-meat-reduction messages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES After viewing their assigned message, participants ordered hypothetical meals from 2 restaurants (1 full service and 1 quick service) and rated message reactions, perceptions, and intentions. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Logistic and linear regressions were performed. RESULTS Compared with the control message, exposure to the health and environmental red-meat-reduction messages reduced red meat selection from the full-service restaurant by 6.0 and 8.8 percentage points, respectively (P = .02 and P < .001, respectively), while the animal welfare message did not (reduction of 3.3 percentage points, P = .20). None of the red-meat-reduction messages affected red meat selection from the quick-service restaurant. All 3 red-meat-reduction messages elicited beneficial effects on key predictors of behavior change, including emotions and thinking about harms. CONCLUSIONS Red-meat-reduction messages, especially those describing health or environmental harms, hold promise for reducing red meat selection in some types of restaurants. Additional interventions may be needed to discourage red meat selection across a wider variety of restaurants, for example, by making salient which menu items contain red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Grummon
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Aviva A Musicus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meg G Salvia
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne N Thorndike
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Mayfield KE, Plasencia J, Ellithorpe M, Anderson RK, Wright NC. The Consumption of Animal and Plant Foods in Areas of High Prevalence of Stroke and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040993. [PMID: 36839350 PMCID: PMC9958908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets of red and processed meat have been reported as important risk factors for developing colorectal cancer. Given the racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer, patterns of food consumption, and areas of residence, particularly in the South, more data is needed on the relationship between residing in a high stroke area, colorectal cancer incidence levels, and red meat and processed meat consumption. We created online surveys to ascertain meat, red meat, and healthy food consumption levels. We used OLS regression to evaluate the association between residence in Stroke Belt states and colorectal cancer incidence quartiles with food consumption. We further used path analysis using structural equation modeling to evaluate if age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and comorbidity index mediated the association between residence in the eight-state Stroke Belt, colorectal cancer incidence groups, and meat consumption. Our sample included 923 participants, with 167 (18.1%) residing in the Stroke Belt and 13.9% being in the highest colorectal cancer incidence group. The findings show that residing in a Stroke Belt state is predictive of the consumption of overall meat 0.93 more days per week or red meat 0.55 more days per week compared to those not residing in a Stroke Belt state. These data can be used to develop future diet interventions in these high-risk areas to reduce rates of colorectal cancer and other negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E. Mayfield
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-404-413-1080
| | - Julie Plasencia
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Morgan Ellithorpe
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Raeda K. Anderson
- Virginia C. Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center and Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Nicole C. Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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23
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Yun Z, Nan M, Li X, Liu Z, Xu J, Du X, Dong Q, Hou L. Processed meat, red meat, white meat, and digestive tract cancers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078963. [PMID: 36860687 PMCID: PMC9968810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies suggested inconsistent insights on the associations between meat intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers (DCTs). The causal effect of meat intake on DCTs is unclear. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from UK Biobank and FinnGen to evaluate the causal effect of meat intake [processed meat, red meat (pork, beef, and lamb), and white meat (poultry)] on DCTs (esophageal, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers). The causal effects were estimated using a primary analysis that employed inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and complementary analysis that utilized MR-Egger weighted by the median. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q statistic, a funnel plot, the MR-Egger intercept, and a leave-one-out approach. MR-PRESSO and Radial MR were performed to identify and remove outliers. To demonstrate direct causal effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied. In addition, risk factors were introduced to explore potential mediators of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Results The results of the univariable MR analysis indicated that genetically proxied processed meat intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.19; P = 0.031]. The causal effect is consistent in MVMR (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.14-13.04; P = 0.030) after controlling for the influence of other types of exposure. The body mass index and total cholesterol did not mediate the causal effects described above. There was no evidence to support the causal effects of processed meat intake on other cancers, except for colorectal cancer. Similarly, there is no causal association between red meat, white meat intake, and DCTs. Conclusions Our study reported that processed meat intake increases the risk of colorectal cancer rather than other DCTs. No causal relationship was observed between red and white meat intake and DCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Hou
- *Correspondence: Li Hou ✉
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24
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Plant-based animal product alternatives are healthier and more environmentally sustainable than animal products. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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25
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Basiak-Rasała A, Górna S, Krajewska J, Kolator M, Pazdro-Zastawny K, Basiak A, Zatoński T. Nutritional habits according to age and BMI of 6–17-year-old children from the urban municipality in Poland. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:17. [PMID: 35526064 PMCID: PMC9080131 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Balanced nutrition is crucial for adolescent’s proper physical and mental development. Dietary habits change significantly with a child’s development. Along with increasing age and the shift towards adolescence, unhealthy diet-related habits become more common. The objective of the survey study was to determine the differences in nutritional habits between children and adolescents according to their age and body mass index (BMI).
Methods
“Let’s get the kids moving” campaign (pol. “Uruchamiamy dzieciaki”) was launched in 2016. Within the campaign, the survey study was conducted in 2913 participants between 6 and 17 years old from primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw (Poland). The survey was anonymous, and its supplement was voluntary. Participants were divided into age groups. The study group of 2913 consisted of 29.8% of 6–9-year-olds, 32.7% of 10–12-year-olds, and 37.5% of 13–17-year-olds. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and further interpreted as a BMI z-scores depending on children’s age and gender.
Results
A total of 19.3% of participants consumed 3 meals a day or less. Children from the oldest age group (13–17) consumed statistically significantly fewer meals per day than younger children (p < 0.001). Children from the oldest age group (13–17) consumed breakfast statistically less often than children of age group 10–12 years (75.0% vs. 83.6%; p < 0.001) and children of age group 6–9 years (75.0% vs. 84.0%; p < 0.001). Severely thin children consumed breakfast significantly more often than overweight (85.8% vs. 76.3%; p = 0.004) and children with obesity (85.8% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.021). Children with obesity consumed vegetables significantly less often than severely thin (p < 0.008), thin (p < 0.001), and children with normal body weight (p < 0.007). The oldest children (13–17 years) consumed Coca-Cola and SSB (p < 0.001) and fruit-flavored beverages (p < 0.05) significantly more often than children from other age groups. Boys consumed carbonated beverages with added sugar significantly more often than girls (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Unhealthy diet-related behaviors in children and adolescents may promote overweight and obesity and should be targeted in health promotion programs. Special attention should be paid to 13–17-year-olds, as adolescents from this group made more unhealthy choices than younger children.
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Saeed M, Shoaib A, Kandimalla R, Javed S, Almatroudi A, Gupta R, Aqil F. Microbe-based therapies for colorectal cancer: Advantages and limitations. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:652-665. [PMID: 34020027 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death in both men and women. Colorectal cancer (CRC) alone accounts for ∼10 % of total new global cases and poses an over 4% lifetime risk of developing cancer. Recent advancements in the field of biotechnology and microbiology concocted novel microbe-based therapies to treat various cancers, including CRC. Microbes have been explored for human use since centuries, especially for the treatment of various ailments. The utility of microbes in cancer therapeutics is widely explored, and various bacteria, fungi, and viruses are currently in use for the development of cancer therapeutics. The human gut hosts about 100 trillion microbes that release their metabolites in active, inactive, or dead conditions. Microbial secondary metabolites, proteins, immunotoxins, and enzymes are used to target cancer cells to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and death. Various approaches, such as dietary interventions, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been used to modulate the gut microbiota in order to prevent or treat CRC pathogenesis. The present review highlights the role of the gut microbiota in CRC precipitation, the potential mechanisms and use of microorganisms as CRC biomarkers, and strategies to modulate microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Alvandi E, Wong WKM, Joglekar MV, Spring KJ, Hardikar AA. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 36184594 PMCID: PMC9528142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is well recognized, although the available literature around their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconsistent. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of fecal SCFA concentrations to the incidence and risk of CRC. Data extraction through Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out from database conception to June 29, 2022. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria led to the selection of 17 case-control and six cross-sectional studies for quality assessment and analyses. Studies were categorized for CRC risk or incidence, and RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Studies lacking quantitation were included in qualitative analyses. RESULTS Combined analysis of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid revealed significantly lower concentrations of these SCFAs in individuals with a high-risk of CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02). Additionally, CRC incidence was higher in individuals with lower levels of SCFAs (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72, P = 0.0009), compared to healthy individuals. Qualitative analyses identified 70.4% of studies reporting significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, butyric acid, or total SCFAs in those at higher risk of CRC, while 66.7% reported significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic and butyric acid in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lower fecal concentrations of the three major SCFAs are associated with higher risk of CRC and incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alvandi
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
- South-West Sydney Clinical Campuses, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Liverpool Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
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28
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Taillie LS, Prestemon CE, Hall MG, Grummon AH, Vesely A, Jaacks LM. Developing health and environmental warning messages about red meat: An online experiment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268121. [PMID: 35749387 PMCID: PMC9231779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The United States has among the highest per capita red meat consumption in the world. Reducing red meat consumption is crucial for minimizing the environmental impact of diets and improving health outcomes. Warning messages are effective for reducing purchases of products like sugary beverages but have not been developed for red meat. This study developed health and environmental warning messages about red meat and explored participants' reactions to these messages. METHODS A national convenience sample of US red meat consumers (n = 1,199; mean age 45 years) completed an online survey in 2020 for this exploratory study. Participants were randomized to view a series of either health or environmental warning messages (between-subjects factor) about the risks associated with eating red meat. Messages were presented in random order (within-subjects factor; 8 health messages or 10 environmental messages). Participants rated each warning message on a validated 3-item scale measuring perceived message effectiveness (PME), ranging from 1 (low) to 5 (high). Participants then rated their intentions to reduce their red meat consumption in the next 7 days. RESULTS Health warning messages elicited higher PME ratings than environmental messages (mean 2.66 vs. 2.26, p<0.001). Health warning messages also led to stronger intentions to reduce red meat consumption compared to environmental messages (mean 2.45 vs. 2.19, p<0.001). Within category (health and environmental), most pairwise comparisons of harms were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Health warning messages were perceived to be more effective than environmental warning messages. Future studies should measure the impact of these messages on behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Carmen E. Prestemon
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Marissa G. Hall
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Anna H. Grummon
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Annamaria Vesely
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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McCullough LE, Maliniak ML, Amin AB, Baker JM, Baliashvili D, Barberio J, Barrera CM, Brown CA, Collin LJ, Freedman AA, Gibbs DC, Haddad MB, Hall EW, Hamid S, Harrington KRV, Holleman AM, Kaufman JA, Khan MA, Labgold K, Lee VC, Malik AA, Mann LM, Marks KJ, Nelson KN, Quader ZS, Ross-Driscoll K, Sarkar S, Shah MP, Shao IY, Smith JP, Stanhope KK, Valenzuela-Lara M, Van Dyke ME, Vyas KJ, Lash TL. Epidemiology beyond its limits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3328. [PMID: 35675391 PMCID: PMC9176748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 1995, journalist Gary Taubes published an article in Science titled "Epidemiology faces its limits," which questioned the utility of nonrandomized epidemiologic research and has since been cited more than 1000 times. He highlighted numerous examples of research topics he viewed as having questionable merit. Studies have since accumulated for these associations. We systematically evaluated current evidence of 53 example associations discussed in the article. Approximately one-quarter of those presented as doubtful are now widely viewed as causal based on current evaluations of the public health consensus. They include associations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, residential radon exposure and lung cancer, and the use of tanning devices and melanoma. This history should inform current debates about the reproducibility of epidemiologic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maret L. Maliniak
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Avnika B. Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia M. Baker
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Davit Baliashvili
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Barberio
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chloe M. Barrera
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lindsay J. Collin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexa A. Freedman
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David C. Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maryam B. Haddad
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric W. Hall
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Hamid
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Holleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John A. Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Khan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie Labgold
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Veronica C. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amyn A. Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura M. Mann
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin J. Marks
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin N. Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zerleen S. Quader
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Monica P. Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iris Y. Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaitlyn K. Stanhope
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marisol Valenzuela-Lara
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam E. Van Dyke
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kartavya J. Vyas
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Grummon AH, Goodman D, Jaacks LM, Taillie LS, Chauvenet CA, Salvia MG, Rimm EB. Awareness of and reactions to health and environmental harms of red meat among parents in the United States. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:893-903. [PMID: 34321133 PMCID: PMC8799779 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence of the health and environmental harms of red meat is growing, yet little is known about which harms may be most impactful to include in meat reduction messages. This study examined which harms consumers are most aware of and which most discourage them from wanting to eat red meat. DESIGN Within-subjects randomised experiment. Participants responded to questions about their awareness of, and perceived discouragement in response to, eight health and eight environmental harms of red meat presented in random order. Discouragement was assessed on a 1-to-5 Likert-type scale. SETTING Online survey. PARTICIPANTS 544 US parents. RESULTS A minority of participants reported awareness that red meat contributes to health harms (ranging from 8 % awareness for prostate cancer to 28 % for heart disease) or environmental harms (ranging from 13 % for water shortages and deforestation to 22 % for climate change). Among specific harms, heart disease elicited the most discouragement (mean = 2·82 out of 5), followed by early death (mean = 2·79) and plants and animals going extinct (mean = 2·75), though most harms elicited similar discouragement (range of means, 2·60-2·82). In multivariable analyses, participants who were younger, identified as Black, identified as politically liberal, had higher general perceptions that red meat is bad for health and had higher usual red meat consumption reported being more discouraged from wanting to eat red meat in response to health and environmental harms (all P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Messages about a variety of health and environmental harms of red meat could inform consumers and motivate reductions in red meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Grummon
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dina Goodman
- Department of Global Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Meg G Salvia
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.868951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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32
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Lewandowska A, Rudzki G, Lewandowski T, Stryjkowska-Góra A, Rudzki S. Risk Factors for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748211056692. [PMID: 35000418 PMCID: PMC8753079 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211056692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer defined as cancer of the colon or rectum, is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women, and, according to the World Health Organization database GLOBOCAN, it accounts for nearly 1.4 million new cases annually worldwide. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is associated with nonmodifiable risk factors, including age and hereditary factors, as well as with modifiable environmental and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study included 800 patients, 400 diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 400 within the control group, who gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Patients with cancer other than colorectal cancer were randomly selected for control group I, and patients with no cancer diagnosis were selected for control group II. The method used was a case-control study - an observational and analytical study with a control group, conducted among patients of the Clinical Oncology Centre and the Provincial Hospital in the years 2019-2020. The study comparing the exposure was carried out in a group of people who developed the endpoint, that is colorectal cancer, with the exposure in a well-matched group of controls who did not reach the endpoint. Assessment of activity and BMI was used according to WHO recommendations, as well as the expert system. The data were tested for the distribution and the homogeneity of variance was validated before applying the parameter tests. Comparison of quantitative variables between groups was performed using ANOVA. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64.53 ± 8.86 years, of the control group I - 59.64 ± 9.33 and the control group II - 57.5 (7.83). There was a strong positive association between the incidence of ulcerative colitis and the risk of colorectal cancer (P < .01). Among obese subjects, the risk of developing colorectal cancer was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06-1.53) compared with nonobese subjects. A strong positive relationship was found between low physical activity converted to metabolic equivalent of MET effort per week and the risk of colorectal cancer (P < .001). The relative risk for current smokers was 2.17 (95% CI 1.79-2.66). There was an association between higher fat consumption and higher red meat consumption and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Obesity, low physical activity, active and passive smoking and high salt and red meat consumption have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings provide further evidence of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewandowska
- Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Jaroslaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rudzki
- Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lewandowski
- Institute of Technical Engineering, State School of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, Jaroslaw, Poland
| | | | - Sławomir Rudzki
- I Chair and Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Bertok T, Bertokova A, Jane E, Hires M, Aguedo J, Potocarova M, Lukac L, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Borsig L, Tkac J. Identification of Whole-Serum Glycobiomarkers for Colorectal Carcinoma Using Reverse-Phase Lectin Microarray. Front Oncol 2021; 11:735338. [PMID: 34956866 PMCID: PMC8695905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.735338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer among men and women worldwide. Efforts are currently underway to find novel and more cancer-specific biomarkers that could be detected in a non-invasive way. The analysis of aberrant glycosylation of serum glycoproteins is a way to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic CRC biomarkers. The present study investigated a whole-serum glycome with a panel of 16 different lectins in search for age-independent and CRC-specific glycomarkers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and glycan heat matrices. Glycosylation changes present in the whole serum were identified, which could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for CRC diagnostics. In particular, the change in the bisecting glycans (recognized by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin) had the highest discrimination potential for CRC diagnostics in combination with human L selectin providing area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.989 (95% CI 0.950-1.000), specificity of 1.000, sensitivity of 0.900, and accuracy of 0.960. We also implemented novel tools for identification of lectins with strong discrimination power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juvissan Aguedo
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ludovit Lukac
- University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Li Y, Sun M. Is dietary cholesterol intake associated with risk of colorectal cancer? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Li Y, Giovannucci E. Potential Impact of Time Trend of Lifestyle Risk Factors on Burden of Major Gastrointestinal Cancers in China. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1830-1841.e8. [PMID: 34389341 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS China has the largest number of incident liver, esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer cases in 2020. Examining the time trend of relevant lifestyle risk factors would help project the trend of these gastrointestinal (GI) cancer incidence in China. METHODS We estimated the time trend of the lifestyle factors based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991 to 2011. We applied the comparative risk assessment method to estimate the population attributable fraction of GI cancers attributable to each risk factor. We also projected the prevalence of lifestyle factors and the associated burden of GI cancer from 2011 to 2031. RESULTS In 2011, 56.5% of colorectal, 59.8% of gastric, 48.5% of esophageal, and 35.2% of liver cancer in China were attributable to the lifestyle risk factors under study. Smoking, sodium intake, low vegetable intake, and low fruit intake have improved over time but remained far from optimal and are expected to be responsible for 170,000, 35,000, 22,000, and 50,000 GI cancer cases in 2031, respectively. High body mass index, red and processed meat consumption, and low physical activity are expected to contribute increasingly more GI cancer, accounting for 142,000, 185,000, 60,000, and 53,000 cases in 2031, respectively. The estimated population attributable fraction for all risk factors in 2031 is 52.1%. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle risk factors have had an impact on the risk of GI cancer in China, and the impact is projected to increase. If everyone could adhere to the optimal lifestyle, half of all GI cancer events would be prevented by year 2031.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abdullah M, Sukartini N, Nursyirwan SA, Pribadi RR, Maulahela H, Utari AP, Muzellina VN, Wiraatmadja A, Renaldi K. Gut Microbiota Profiles in Early- and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in the Future. Digestion 2021; 102:823-832. [PMID: 34433172 DOI: 10.1159/000516689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers believe the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the raised incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). The development of EOCRC may be associated with microbiota dysbiosis either dependently or independently (combined with other risk factors). SUMMARY Recently, the rising of incidence and mortality of EOCRC have been noted. Some researchers are looking for risk factors influencing this fact. They hypothesize that it may be because of microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis has been known to promote cancer development through immunity dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Microbiomes profile in late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) among older patients has been documented, but there is still lack of data about microbial profiles among younger colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This review tries to explain microbial profiles differences between EOCRC and LOCRC as a potential diagnostic biomarker in the future, and whether microbiota can have a role in EOCRC genesis. Key Messages: Microbiota does vary with age, and EOCRC may be associated with colonization of some specific bacteria. Further studies about gut microbiota profiles in EOCRC and LOCRC may provide a new insight on diagnostic biomarker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ninik Sukartini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saskia Aziza Nursyirwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rabbinu Rangga Pribadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Pitarini Utari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Virly Nanda Muzellina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agustinus Wiraatmadja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kaka Renaldi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sheikhhossein F, Imani H, Amini MR, Hosseini F, Shab-Bidar S. The association between adherence to MIND diet and risk of breast cancer: A case-control study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14780. [PMID: 34482608 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, a new eating pattern called "Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)" has been coined. This study was aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MIND diet and risk of breast cancer (BC) among Iranian women. METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, 150 newly diagnosed BC cases and 150 age-matched controls were included. All cases were pathologically confirmed BC patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers. Controls were selected from visitors, relatives and friends of non-cancer patients in other wards, which had no family relationship with cases. Dietary intakes of study participants were assessed using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The MIND diet score was computed based on participants' dietary intakes obtained from FFQ, Regression logistic models were used to examine the association between the MIND diet score and BC. RESULTS Examining the whole study population, we found no significant association between the MIND diet score and odds of BC, either before (ORs for comparing T3 vs. T1: 0.818; 95% CI: 0.469-1.42, P-trend = .48) or after controlling for potential confounders (ORs for T3 vs. T1: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.31-5.64, P-trend = .633). This was also the case for pre-menopausal and post-menopausal when analyzed separately. We also failed to find any significant association between the MIND diet score and odds of BC after controlling for potential confounders in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found that adherence to the MIND diet was not associated with odds of BC in this case-control study. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Händel MN, Rohde JF, Jacobsen R, Heitmann BL. Processed Meat Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of the Constraints of Current Evidence from Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:3601. [PMID: 34684602 PMCID: PMC8537381 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a large volume of observational scientific studies and many summary papers, a high consumption of meat and processed meat products has been suggested to have a harmful effect on human health. These results have led guideline panels worldwide to recommend to the general population a reduced consumption of processed meat and meat products, with the overarching aim of lowering disease risk, especially of cancer. We revisited and updated the evidence base, evaluating the methodological quality and the certainty of estimates in the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between processed meat consumption and the risk of cancer at different sites across the body, as well as the overall risk of cancer mortality. We further explored if discrepancies in study designs and risks of bias could explain the heterogeneity observed in meta-analyses. In summary, there are severe methodological limitations to the majority of the previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the consumption of processed meat and the risk of cancer. Many lacked the proper assessment of the methodological quality of the primary studies they included, or the literature searches did not fulfill the methodological standards needed in order to be systematic and transparent. The primary studies included in the reviews had a potential risk for the misclassification of exposure, a serious risk of bias due to confounding, a moderate to serious risk of bias due to missing data, and/or a moderate to serious risk of selection of the reported results. All these factors may have potentially led to the overestimation of the risk related to processed meat intake across all cancer outcomes. Thus, with the aim of lowering the risk of cancer, the recommendation to reduce the consumption of processed meat and meat products in the general population seems to be based on evidence that is not methodologically strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nicole Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.N.H.); (J.F.R.)
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.N.H.); (J.F.R.)
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Research Group for Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (M.N.H.); (J.F.R.)
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Huang Y, Cao D, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Guo J, Dong Q, Liu L, Wei Q. Red and processed meat consumption and cancer outcomes: Umbrella review. Food Chem 2021; 356:129697. [PMID: 33838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this umbrella review was to evaluate the quality of evidence, validity and biases of the associations between red and processed meat consumption and multiple cancer outcomes according to existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The umbrella review identified 72 meta-analyses with 20 unique outcomes for red meat and 19 unique outcomes for processed meat. Red meat consumption was associated with increased risk of overall cancer mortality, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), bladder, breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, gastric, lung and nasopharyngeal cancer. Processed meat consumption might increase the risk of overall cancer mortality, NHL, bladder, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, nasopharyngeal, oral cavity and oropharynx and prostate cancer. Dose-response analyses revealed that 100 g/d increment of red meat and 50 g/d increment of processed meat consumption were associated with 11%-51% and 8%-72% higher risk of multiple cancer outcomes, respectively, and seemed to be not correlated with any benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Farvid MS, Sidahmed E, Spence ND, Mante Angua K, Rosner BA, Barnett JB. Consumption of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:937-951. [PMID: 34455534 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red meat and processed meat consumption has been hypothesized to increase risk of cancer, but the evidence is inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence of associations between consumption of red meat (unprocessed), processed meat, and total red and processed meat with the incidence of various cancer types. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through December 2020. Using a random-effect meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the highest versus the lowest category of red meat, processed meat, and total red and processed meat consumption in relation to incidence of various cancers. We identified 148 published articles. Red meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.03-1.15), endometrial cancer (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01-1.56), colorectal cancer (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.17), colon cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09-1.25), rectal cancer (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46), lung cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.44), and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46). Processed meat consumption was significantly associated with a 6% greater breast cancer risk, an 18% greater colorectal cancer risk, a 21% greater colon cancer risk, a 22% greater rectal cancer risk, and a 12% greater lung cancer risk. Total red and processed meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08-1.26), colon cancer (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09-1.34), rectal cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.45), lung cancer (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.09-1.33), and renal cell cancer (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.37). This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that high red meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and high processed meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast, colorectal, colon, rectal, and lung cancers. Higher risk of colorectal, colon, rectal, lung, and renal cell cancers were also observed with high total red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elkhansa Sidahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology and Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Biological Impact of Phenolic Compounds from Coffee on Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080761. [PMID: 34451858 PMCID: PMC8401378 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading death-related diseases worldwide, usually induced by a multifactorial and complex process, including genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and the impact of diet and lifestyle. In the present study, we evaluated the biological impact of two of the main coffee polyphenols, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA), as well as two polyphenol-rich coffee extracts (green coffee extract and toasted coffee Extract) against SW480 and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. First, the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capability of the extracts were determined. Then, cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and SBR. Finally, a wound healing assay was performed to determine the impact on the cell migration process. The results showed a cytotoxic effect of all treatments in a time and dose-dependent manner, which decreased the viability in both cell lines at 24 h and 48 h; likewise, the migration capability of cells decreased with low doses of treatments. These results suggest the potential of coffee to modulate biological mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer development; however, more studies are required to understand the mechanistic insights of these observations.
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42
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Geiker NRW, Bertram HC, Mejborn H, Dragsted LO, Kristensen L, Carrascal JR, Bügel S, Astrup A. Meat and Human Health-Current Knowledge and Research Gaps. Foods 2021; 10:1556. [PMID: 34359429 PMCID: PMC8305097 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat is highly nutritious and contributes with several essential nutrients which are difficult to obtain in the right amounts from other food sources. Industrially processed meat contains preservatives including salts, possibly exerting negative effects on health. During maturation, some processed meat products develop a specific microbiota, forming probiotic metabolites with physiological and biological effects yet unidentified, while the concentration of nutrients also increases. Meat is a source of saturated fatty acids, and current WHO nutrition recommendations advise limiting saturated fat to less than ten percent of total energy consumption. Recent meta-analyses of both observational and randomized controlled trials do not support any effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The current evidence regarding the effect of meat consumption on health is potentially confounded, and there is a need for sufficiently powered high-quality trials assessing the health effects of meat consumption. Future studies should include biomarkers of meat intake, identify metabolic pathways and include detailed study of fermented and other processed meats and their potential of increasing nutrient availability and metabolic effects of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rica Wium Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Heddie Mejborn
- National Food Institute, Division of Food Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Lars Kristensen
- Danish Meat Research Institute—DMRI Technological Institute, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - Jorge R. Carrascal
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- IPROCAR, University of Extremadura, E-10004 Caceres, Spain
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (L.O.D.); (S.B.); (A.A.)
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43
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Corlin L, Ruan M, Tsilidis KK, Bouras E, Yu YH, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Klein AP, Risch HA, Amos CI, Sakoda LC, Vodička P, Rish PK, Beck J, Platz EA, Michaud DS. Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Associations Between Periodontal Disease and Risk of Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab037. [PMID: 34222791 PMCID: PMC8242136 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies indicate that periodontal disease may increase the risk of colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we assessed whether a genetic predisposition index for periodontal disease was associated with colorectal, lung, or pancreatic cancer risks. Methods Our primary instrument included single nucleotide polymorphisms with strong genome-wide association study evidence for associations with chronic, aggressive, and/or severe periodontal disease (rs729876, rs1537415, rs2738058, rs12461706, rs16870060, rs2521634, rs3826782, and rs7762544). We used summary-level genetic data for colorectal cancer (n = 58 131 cases; Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colon Cancer Family Registry, and Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study), lung cancer (n = 18 082 cases; International Lung Cancer Consortium), and pancreatic cancer (n = 9254 cases; Pancreatic Cancer Consortia). Four MR approaches were employed for this analysis: random-effects inverse-variance weighted (primary analyses), Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, simple median, and weighted median. We conducted secondary analyses to determine if associations varied by cancer subtype (colorectal cancer location, lung cancer histology), sex (colorectal and pancreatic cancers), or smoking history (lung and pancreatic cancer). All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results The genetic predisposition index for chronic or aggressive periodontitis was statistically significantly associated with a 3% increased risk of colorectal cancer (per unit increase in genetic index of periodontal disease; P = .03), 3% increased risk of colon cancer (P = .02), 4% increased risk of proximal colon cancer (P = .01), and 3% increased risk of colorectal cancer among females (P = .04); however, it was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer or pancreatic cancer, overall or within most subgroups. Conclusions Genetic predisposition to periodontitis may be associated with colorectal cancer risk. Further research should determine whether increased periodontitis prevention and increased cancer surveillance of patients with periodontitis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Mengyuan Ruan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yau-Hua Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Vodička
- Department of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pai K Rish
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The Colon Cancer Family Registry at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA for CCFR, CORECT, GECCO, ILCCO, PanScan, and PanC4
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Kabat GC, Price WJ, Tarone RE. On recent meta-analyses of exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:409-414. [PMID: 33447891 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A recent meta-analysis of five case-control studies and one cohort study reported that exposure to glyphosate was associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The meta-analysis was based on estimates of risk from the included studies at the highest reported exposure level obtained from analyses with the longest lag period. The extent to which the summary estimate depends upon the exposure definitions and assumed latency period is uncertain. METHODS We carried out sensitivity analyses to determine how the definition of exposure and the choice of latency period affect the summary estimate from meta-analyses of the 6 studies included in the recent meta-analysis. We also conducted a meta-analysis of ever-exposure to glyphosate incorporating the most updated results from the case-control studies. RESULTS The summary estimates of risk varied considerably depending on both the assumptions about exposure level and latency. Using the highest reported exposure levels, evidence of an association between glyphosate and NHL was strongest when estimates from analyses in the cohort study with a 20-year lag [RR = 1.41 (95% CI 1.13-1.76)] and a 15-year lag [RR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.25)] were included. In our meta-analysis of ever-exposure with no lag period, the summary relative risk with updated estimates was 1.05 (95% CI 0.87-1.28). CONCLUSION The results of meta-analyses of glyphosate exposure and NHL risk depend on assumptions made about both exposure level and latency period. Our results for ever-exposure are consistent with those of two recent meta-analyses conducted using somewhat different study inclusion criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Price
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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45
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Kim H, Wang K, Song M, Giovannucci EL. A comparison of methods in estimating population attributable risk for colorectal cancer in the United States. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2947-2953. [PMID: 33527363 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Population attributable risk (PAR) is becoming more widely used for quantifying preventability of cancer. However, its estimations have had a wide range, leading to questions about the true preventability. Our study aimed to compare the two PAR estimation methods (ie, literature-based method and low-risk method) for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US population based on the same set of modifiable risk factors: physical activity, body mass index, alcoholic drinks, red meat, processed meat, dietary fiber, dietary calcium and cigarette smoking. For the literature-based method, 65% and 53%, and for the low-risk method, 62% and 49% of CRC cases for males and females, respectively, were attributable to the eight dietary and lifestyle risk factors. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted with respect to the different choices of risk factors, relative risks (RRs) and exposure prevalence estimates used in the literature-based method. The PARs including only the "convincing" factors and excluding "probable" factors defined by the WCRF/AICR were 50% for males and 34% for females. Using RRs derived from different studies changed the PARs considerably (57%-74% for males and 37%-60% for females). Our study assessed the robustness of PAR calculations through a direct comparison between the two methods using different assumptions and data and generally found high concordance. From the additional analyses, we found that the choice of risk factors and RRs could substantially influence the PAR estimates. Given the findings, future studies reporting PAR should consider presenting a range of PAR estimates based on choices of risk factors and RRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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46
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Thøgersen R, Bertram HC. Reformulation of processed meat to attenuate potential harmful effects in the gastrointestinal tract – A review of current knowledge and evidence of health prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Mejborn H, Møller SP, Thygesen LC, Biltoft-Jensen A. Dietary Intake of Red Meat, Processed Meat, and Poultry and Risk of Colorectal Cancer and All-Cause Mortality in the Context of Dietary Guideline Compliance. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010032. [PMID: 33374887 PMCID: PMC7823645 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat intake has been linked to increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and mortality. However, diet composition may affect the risks. We aimed to estimate associations between red and processed meat and poultry intake and risk of CRC and all-cause mortality and if they are modified by dietary quality using Cox regression analyses. Baseline dietary data were obtained from three survey rounds of the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity. Data on CRC and all-cause mortality were extracted from national registers. The cohort was followed from date of survey interview—or for CRC, from age 50 years, whichever came last, until 31 December 2017. Meat intake was analysed categorically and continuously, and stratified by dietary quality for 15–75-year-old Danes at baseline, n 6282 for CRC and n 9848 for mortality analyses. We found no significant association between red and processed meat intake and CRC risk. For poultry, increased CRC risk for high versus low intake (HR 1.62; 95%CI 1.13–2.31) was found, but not when examining risk change per 100 g increased intake. We showed no association between meat intake and all-cause mortality. The association between meat intake and CRC or mortality risk was not modified by dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heddie Mejborn
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3588-7442
| | - Sanne Pagh Møller
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark; (S.P.M.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark; (S.P.M.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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48
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Michels KB, Willett WC, Vaidya R, Zhang X, Giovannucci E. Yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1566-1575. [PMID: 33022694 PMCID: PMC7727484 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yogurt is a commonly consumed fermented food. Regular yogurt consumption may contribute to a favorable gut microbiome and gut health, but few epidemiologic studies have considered the relation between regular yogurt consumption and the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES We used data from 2 large, prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, to examine the role of yogurt consumption on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS During 32 years of follow-up in 83,054 women (mean age at baseline, 45.7 years) and 26 years of follow-up in 43,269 men (mean age at baseline, 52.3 years), we documented a total of 2666 newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer in these cohorts. We modeled yogurt consumption at baseline and cumulatively updated it throughout follow-up. Results: Baseline yogurt consumption was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in age-adjusted analyses (P for trend < 0.001). Associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders, including calcium and fiber intake (P for trend = 0.03), and were restricted to proximal colon cancer. The consumption of 1 + servings per week of yogurt at baseline, compared to no yogurt consumption, was associated with a multivariable HR of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99; P trend = 0.04) for the proximal colon cancer incidence. Latency analyses suggested that the most important window of opportunity for regular yogurt consumption to prevent colorectal cancer was 16-20 years in the past. When yogurt consumption was cumulatively updated, associations attenuated and were no longer significant. No statistically significant inverse trend was observed between yogurt consumption and the colorectal cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS In these large cohorts, the frequency of yogurt consumption was associated with a reduced risk of proximal colon cancer with a long latency period. No significant inverse trend was observed for colorectal cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,USA
| | - Rita Vaidya
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,USA
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49
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Loke YL, Chew MT, Ngeow YF, Lim WWD, Peh SC. Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:603086. [PMID: 33364203 PMCID: PMC7753026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Leng Loke
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wan Dee Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Ageing Health and Well-Being Research Centre, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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50
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Barbirou M, Woldu HG, Sghaier I, Bedoui SA, Mokrani A, Aami R, Mezlini A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B, Tonellato PJ, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Western influenced lifestyle and Kv2.1 association as predicted biomarkers for Tunisian colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1086. [PMID: 33172410 PMCID: PMC7656678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy worldwide. The global burden is expected to increase along with ongoing westernized behaviors and lifestyle. The etiology of CRC remains elusive and most likely combines environmental and genetic factors. The Kv2.1 potassium channel encoded by KCNB1 plays a collection of roles in malignancy of cancer and may be a key factor of CRC susceptibility. Our study provides baseline association between Tunisian CRC and interactions between KCNB1 variants and lifestyle factors. METHODS A case-control study involving 300 CRC patients, and 300 controls was conducted Patients were carefully phenotyped and followed till the end of study. KCNB1 genotyping was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the clinical status, lifestyle and study polymorphisms association with CRC. RESULTS We noted significant gender association with CRC occurrence. Moreover, CRC risk increases with high meat and fat consumption, alcohol use and physical activity (PA). Carriage of rs1051296 A/G and both rs11468831 ins/del and del/del genotypes (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CRC risk. Analysis according to gender reveals correlation of rs1051295 A/G, rs11468831 non ins/ins (p = 0.01) with CRC susceptibility regardless of patients' gender while rs3331 T/C (p = 0.012) was associated with females. Stratification study according to malignancy site; Rectal Cancer (RC) and Colon Cancer (CC), reveals increasing RC risk by gender and high meat and fat consumption, alcohol use and PA. However, additional association with high brine consumption was noted for CC. The rs1051295 A/G (p = 0.01) was associated with RC risk. Increased CC risk was associated with carriage of rs1051295 A/G, rs11168831 (del/del) and (ins/del) genotypes. CONCLUSION The risk of CRC increases with modifiable factors by Western influences on Tunisian lifestyle such as alcohol use, high fat consumption and possibly inadequate intake of vegetables. In addition, KCNB1 polymorphisms also markedly influence CRC susceptibility. Our study establishes key elements of a baseline characterization of clinical state, Western influenced lifestyle and KCNB1 variants associated with Tunisian CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Barbirou
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia.,Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Henok G Woldu
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, Biostatistics & Research Design Unit School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sinda A Bedoui
- Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Medical Oncology Division, Salah Azeiz Oncology Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Mokrani
- Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Aami
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology Pathologies and Biomarkers Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Medical Oncology Division, Salah Azeiz Oncology Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Peter J Tonellato
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Biomolecules, LR16IPT08 Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74, 1002, Tunis, Belvédère, Tunisia. .,Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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