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Chalard F, Laurent M, Barras E, Toso S. US and CT of 2 pediatric cases of self-inflicted pneumoparotid and cervicofacial emphysema. Radiol Case Rep 2025; 20:2153-2158. [PMID: 39975652 PMCID: PMC11835562 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Pneumoparotid is a rare cause of parotid swelling characterized by the presence of air in the Stensen's duct and/or the parotid gland. In children, it is often self-inflicted, due to psychiatric disorder or recreational habits (puffing the cheeks, blowing balloons, bruxism…). The diagnosis may be suggested by specific signs such as crepitus or foamy saliva flowing from the Stensen's duct. Here, we present 2 cases of involuntary self-inflicted pneumoparotid, diagnosed by ultrasound and CT, in a child and a teenager. Imaging is useful for diagnosis and excluding complications. Ultrasonography may be sufficient to make the diagnosis of pneumoparotid but is less sensitive than CT. CT can make the diagnosis, but also more completely explores the deep cervical spaces and the thorax, especially important in cases with respiratory symptoms. Treatment is usually conservative, in association with behavioral counselling or psychologic/psychiatric therapy, to avoid activities leading to intra oral pressure increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chalard
- Pediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Méryle Laurent
- Pediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Barras
- Pediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Seema Toso
- Pediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
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2
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Kubota W, Kyan-Onodera M, Fujimoto Y, Sakuma A, Katada R, Sugiura C. Pneumoparotid with imaging findings: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6705-6714. [PMID: 39650813 PMCID: PMC11514358 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i34.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system. There is no established treatment for this disease, which has no known complications. Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease. CASE SUMMARY We managed a case, in which pneumoparotid suddenly recurred 4 months after surgery for purulent parotiditis. The patient did not report any obvious etiological factors, such as mouth puffing or playing a wind instrument. We reviewed 128 articles (from 1941 to 2023) that reported on a total of 166 patients with pneumoparotid, including the patient from the present case report, with imaging findings. This is the first reported case of pneumoparotid following surgery for purulent parotitis. The etiology in our case was classified as idiopathic. CONCLUSION Imaging findings could be sufficient for accurate pneumoparotid diagnoses and the exclusion of complications; computed tomography could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makiko Kyan-Onodera
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuma
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryuji Katada
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugiura
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo 0040041, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yoshida K. Etiology of Pneumoparotid: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010144. [PMID: 36614949 PMCID: PMC9821654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumoparotid describes retrogradely insufflated air within the Stensen's duct and/or parotid gland. It is a rare condition with variable causative factors. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of pneumoparotid. Reports in all languages were evaluated following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement 2020. A literature search was conducted using electronic medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Ovid, Google Scholar, SciElo, LILIACS, and others) from 1890 to 30 June 2022. One hundred and seventy patients (mean age; 28.4 years) from 126 studies were reviewed. Common symptoms included swelling (84.7%) and pain (35.9%). Characteristic findings were crepitus in the parotid region (40%) and frothy saliva from the orifice (39.4%). The common etiologies included abnormal habits such as blowing out the cheeks (23.5%), idiopathic (20%), self-induced (15.9%), playing wind instruments such as trumpets or flutes (8.8%), and diseases inducing coughing or sneezing (8.2%). The treatments included antibiotic therapy (30%), behavioral therapy to avoid continuing causative habits (25.9%), psychiatric therapy (8.2%), and surgical procedures (8.2%). Treatment should be individualized and etiology-based. However, the etiology was not identified in 20% of patients. Further detailed data from larger samples are required to clarify and improve the recognition of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
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Yoshida K. Pneumoparotid related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated by oral appliance with anterior opening to reduce intraoral pressure. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05816. [PMID: 35592044 PMCID: PMC9097368 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumoparotid is associated with retrograde air insufflation in Stensen's duct and the parotid gland. A 57‐year‐old man experienced swelling and pain in the right parotid region after sleeping during a flight. Pneumoparotid and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were diagnosed. Pneumoparotid was suspected as caused by increased intraoral pressure during sleep; thus, an oral appliance to reduce intraoral pressure was effective. After 9 years, the symptoms recurred on the left side. The appliance was reinserted and helped substantially. This is the first case report of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome accompanying pneumoparotid, treated effectively with an oral appliance, with a 10‐year follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
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Inflating parotids with air: A case of pneumoparotid and review of the literature. A case of pneumoparotid. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2020.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gazia F, Freni F, Galletti C, Galletti B, Bruno R, Galletti C, Meduri A, Galletti F. Pneumoparotid and Pneumoparotitis: A Literary Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113936. [PMID: 32498334 PMCID: PMC7313030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pneumoparotid is a rare condition of parotid swelling. The presence of the air in gland parenchyma is caused by an incompetent Stensen’s duct with high pressure may cause the acini’s rupture. We reviewed 49 manuscripts, from 1987 to today, that enrolled a total of 54 patients with pneumoparotid. Our review evaluated the following evaluation parameters: gender, age, etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, days of resolution after diagnosis, relapse and complications. The most frequent etiology is self-induction by swelling the cheeks (53.7%). This cause mainly involves children (74%), for conflicts with parents, excuses for not going to school, nervous tics or adults (16%) with psychiatric disorders. Iatrogenic causes are also frequent (16.6%), for dental treatments (55.5%) or use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (33.4%). Medical therapy is the most practiced (53.7%), in most cases it is combined with behavioral therapy (25.9%) or psychotherapy (25.9%). Surgery is rarely used (9.2%) as a definitive solution through parotidectomy (50%) or ligation of the duct (50%). The most common complication is subcutaneous emphysema (24.1%), sometimes associated with pneumomediastinum (5.5%). Careful treatment and management are necessary to ensure the resolution of the pathology and counteract the onset of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gazia
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0902212248; Fax: +39-0902212242
| | - Francesco Freni
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Cosimo Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Bruno Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Rocco Bruno
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Cosimo Galletti
- Comprehensive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), 08907 Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Alessandro Meduri
- Department of Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Galletti
- Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.); (B.G.); (R.B.); (F.G.)
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7
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Lagunas JG, Fuertes AF. Self-induced parapharyngeal and parotid emphysema: A case of pneumoparotitis. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Goates AJ, Lee DJ, Maley JE, Lee PC, Hoffman HT. Pneumoparotitis as a complication of long-term oronasal positive airway pressure for sleep apnea. Head Neck 2017; 40:E5-E8. [PMID: 29149468 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parotid swelling is rarely caused by pneumoparotitis from retrograde insufflation of air into Stensen's duct. Previous reports have identified occupational exposures, self-induced habits, exercise, spirometry, and short-term positive pressure airway ventilation as causes of salivary duct insufflation. METHODS We present 2 cases of pneumoparotitis in patients on long-term oronasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea. RESULTS A diagnosis of pneumoparotitis was made by CT scan in case 1 and sialography in case 2. Patients were advised to transition from oronasal to nasal-only CPAP. One patient was successfully transferred and had good symptomatic improvement, whereas the second patient did not tolerate nasal CPAP and had persistent symptoms on oronasal CPAP. CONCLUSION Long-term use of oronasal CPAP is a potential cause of pneumoparotitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Goates
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel J Lee
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joan E Maley
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Henry T Hoffman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Iowa City, Iowa
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To document the etiology and successful treatment of severe recurrent pneumoparotid. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomography, ductal measurement by probe size, surgical treatment. RESULTS: We performed a superficial parotidectomy for a 13-year-old with a history of recurrent parotitis. He subsequently developed recurrent pneumoparotid in the contralateral gland with subcutaneous dissection of air into the face, neck, and mediastinum. At surgery, Stensen's ducts were measured and found to be abnormally patent bilaterally compared to standardized norms. Parotid duct ligation, commonly used for sialorrhea, was employed as a novel treatment and was curative. CONCLUSION: Insufflation of air into the parotid duct system can trouble woodwind instrument players, can complicate dental procedures, or can be self-induced. It is generally a benign condition requiring no therapy. Occasionally, pneumoparotid can be recurrent and lead to inflammation and infection of the parotid or subcutaneous emphysema. SIGNIFICANCE: In selected cases of recurrent pneumoparotid, ductal ligation may be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehjin Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Biçer YÖ, Kesgin S, Tezcan E, Köybaşı S. Facial, cervical, and mediastinal emphysema of the clarinet player: case report. Balkan Med J 2015; 31:360-2. [PMID: 25667794 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervicofacial emphysema may arise due to the leakage of air from a defect in the aerodigestive tract to the fascial layers of neck and face. Rarely, it may be caused by insufflation of air through the Stensen's duct. CASE REPORT We present a case with diffuse facial, cervical and mediastinal emphysema due to playing a wind instrument immediately after a facial trauma. There was no mucosal defect or laceration noticed by examination which could explain the origin of the emphysema. Despite the widespread cervicofacial emphysema with mediastinal involvement, the patient significantly improved within 48 hours without any intervention. CONCLUSION Even though cervicofacial emphysema ameliorates spontaneously, increased care must be taken, especially when there is pneumomediastinum and/or pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Özgür Biçer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Selcan Kesgin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tezcan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serap Köybaşı
- Department of Otolaryngology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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Bhat V, Kuppuswamy M, Santosh Kumar DG, Bhat V, Karthik GA. Pneumoparotid in "puffed cheek" computed tomography: incidence and relation to oropharyngeal conditions. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 53:239-43. [PMID: 25542285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pneumoparotid is common in patients with lesions of the oral cavity who have diagnostic computed tomography (CT) with the "puffed cheek" technique. Although such observations are often noted, we could find few papers about the incidence in relation to oropharyngeal conditions. We present a retrospective series of 47/300 patients who developed pneumoparotid during multidetector CT examination of the oropharyngeal region to assess the incidence and any possible correlation with regional disease. Patients were followed up for any symptoms and also for complications. In 14 patients the pneumoparotid was right-sided, in 17 left-sided, and in 16 it was bilateral. There was a significant association between the incidence of pneumoparotid and the site of disease, it being stronger (p<0.001) with lesions in the oral cavity than with those in the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Apart from brief discomfort, none of the patients had any symptoms after the procedure. In summary, pneumoparotid developed in 47/300 (16%) of our patients after multidetector CT when the "puffed cheek" technique was used, and was more common in patients with lesions of the oral cavity and anterior tongue than among patients with lesions of the oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal regions. Few patients experienced transient fullness immediately after the procedure. None of our patients had lasting or infective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhat
- Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Shaw Mazumdar Cancer Center Bangalore, Bommasandra, India.
| | - M Kuppuswamy
- Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Shaw Mazumdar Cancer Center Bangalore, Bommasandra, India.
| | - D G Santosh Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Shaw Mazumdar Cancer Center Bangalore, Bommasandra, India.
| | - V Bhat
- Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Shaw Mazumdar Cancer Center Bangalore, Bommasandra, India.
| | - G A Karthik
- Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Shaw Mazumdar Cancer Center Bangalore, Bommasandra, India.
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Is it fluid or air causing anesthesia mumps? J Anesth 2012; 26:638-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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McGreevy AE, O'Kane AM, McCaul D, Basha SI. Pneumoparotitis: a case report. Head Neck 2012; 35:E55-9. [PMID: 22431013 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare cause of parotid enlargement. Pneumatic enlargement of the gland is caused by retrograde insufflation via Stensen's duct. Most reported cases have been managed conservatively, thus running a short course. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on a case of a 48-year-old man with a chronic painful right facial swelling and symptoms of repeated infection. Clinical examination found a parotid swelling with surgical emphysema and a dilated Stensen's duct. Pneumoparotitis with cystic changes and dilated intraparotid ducts was confirmed by CT. The patient proceeded to undergo excision of the gland, with subsequent resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION Repeated retrograde movement of air and contaminated saliva leads to chronic infection and sialectasis. Management is aimed at preventing these sequelae by identifying and addressing the insult early; however, repeated pneumoparotid leads to chronic pneumoparotitis, the management of which is excision of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E McGreevy
- ENT Department, Craigavon Area Hospital, Portadown, Northern Ireland.
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Tekelioglu UY, Akkaya A, Apuhan T, Demirhan A, Bayır H, Kocoglu H. A case of anesthesia mumps after general anesthesia. J Anesth 2011; 26:130-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-011-1255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Head-neck and mediastinal emphysema caused by playing a wind instrument. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2010; 127:221-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Luaces R, Ferreras J, Patiño B, Garcia-Rozado A, Vázquez I, López-Cedrún JL. Pneumoparotid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:362-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hervás Núñez MJ, Benito Navarro JR, Rodríguez Fernández-Freire A, Rodríguez Pérez MA. Parotid Pneumocele in Down's Syndrome. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(08)70185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Neumocele parotídeo en el síndrome de Down. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(08)73256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Mandel L, Surattanont F. Bilateral parotid swelling: a review. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2002; 93:221-37. [PMID: 11925529 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Mandel
- Salivary Gland Center, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia Campus, New York, NY 10032, USA
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