• Castleman disease
• mediastinum mass
• papillary thyroid carcinoma

• rebound hyperplasia of the thymus
• thymic cyst; true thymic hyperplasia
• thymic follicular hyperplasia
• thymic hyperplasia with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis-like features

• Humans
• Mediastinum/pathology
• Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
• Thymus Hyperplasia/diagnosis
• Thymus Hyperplasia/pathology
• Hyperplasia/pathology
• Thymus Neoplasms/pathology

• Clinician Scientist Fellowship "Else Kröner Research College: 2018_Kolleg.05"

• electronic visual double
• lumen endobronchial tube
• lung ventilation
• single
• situs inversus totalis

• Male
• Humans
• Adult
• Intubation, Intratracheal/methods
• Bronchi
• Lung
• Anesthesia, General
• Dextrocardia
• Situs Inversus/complications

• chest
• computed tomography
• diffuse lung disease
• lung
• lung cancer
• radiologist in training
• solitary pulmonary nodule

• Humans
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
• Lung/diagnostic imaging
• Radiography, Thoracic/methods
• Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Radiology

• Esophageal pressure
• Imaging in mediastinal lesions
• Mediastinum
• Thoracic lesions
• Trachea and main bronchus pathologies
• Vascular pathologies

• autonomic system
• benign schwannomas
• fdg pet scan
• flurodeoxyglycose-18
• mediastinal tumors
• neurofibromas
• neurogenic tumors
• posterior mediastinum
• schwannomas
• surgery

• Anatomy
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Neurogenic tumors
• Posterior mediastinum

• cysts
• estrogen receptor
• hattori
• mediastinal
• mullerian cyst

This study describes the surgical technique of thoracoscopic resection of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours and reporting the surgical outcomes.

This is a retrospective analysis of 21 patients operated over 7 years in a dedicated thoracic surgery centre. The demographic and post-operative parameters along with complications were recorded and analysed.

Twelve patients had right-sided tumours, while 9 had left-sided lesions, and 9 were on the left side. The most common diagnosis was schwannoma (n = 15, 71.42%), followed by neurofibroma (n = 4, 19.04%). The average surgery duration was 104 min (85–135 min), and the mean blood loss was 120 ml (25 ml–250 ml). The average lesion size was 4.8 cm (2 cm–7 cm). Conversion to open procedure was required in one patient. Two patients (14.2%) developed complications. One patient developed Horner's Syndrome and the other developed post-operative lung atelectasis. The median follow-up was 36 months (6–90 months). No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period.

Thoracoscopic approach to posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumours is feasible and allows for low morbidity, short hospital stay and superior cosmesis.

• Posterior mediastinal tumour
• surgical outcome
• thoracoscopic

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (RGN) is a rare benign tumor that arises from the retroperitoneal sympathetic ganglia composed of mature Schwann cells, ganglion cells and nerve fibers. These tumors can occur anywhere along the paravertebral sympathetic plexus and occasionally from adrenal medulla. Although they grow in excessive size, they may cause compression to adjacent organ or structures thus giving rise to symptoms. Resecting RGN’s is a challenging endeavor, as they tend to encase neighboring vessels to their site of origin. The reported case is a 43-year-old male who presented with lumbar pain that increased progressively in intensity over the last 6 months. Preoperative investigations revealed a large tumor with encasement of the origins of the superior mesenteric artery and bilateral renal arteries. The tumor was completely resected and the final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of RGN.

• Chest
• Children
• Lymphoma
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Mass
• Mediastinum
• Radial imaging

• Computed tomography
• Correlations
• ITMIG Classification
• Lymphadenopathy
• Thoracic radiography

The diagnosis of a mediastinal mass may be challenging for clinicians, since lesions arising within the mediastinum include a variety of disease entities, frequently requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Age and sex represent important information, which need to be integrated with imaging and laboratory findings. In addition, the location of the mediastinal lesion is fundamental; indeed, we propose to illustrate mediastinal diseases based on the compartment of origin. We consider that this structured approach may serve as hint to the diagnostic modalities and management of mediastinal diseases. In this review, we present primary mediastinal tumours in the evolving context of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, with recently described entities, based on our own experience with >900 cases encountered in the past 10 years.

Given the mediastinal anatomical heterogeneity, the correct positioning of mediastinal lesions becomes primal, in order to first establish a clinical suspicion and then to assist in planning biopsy and surgical procedurehttps://bit.ly/3p0gsk3

• cervico-mediastinal tumor
• supraclavicular approach
• thoracic inlet
• video-assisted thoracoscopy

Ganglioneuroma is a rare, differentiated, and benign neurogenic tumor that could grow into a huge size with minimal or no symptoms at all. Ganglioneuroma is typically found in older children or adults and is commonly detected within the posterior mediastinum (other than retroperitoneal). Here, we present a case of a 3-year-old patient with shortness of breath, and radiological examination showed a giant mediastinal tumor which proved to be a ganglioneuroma after histopathological examination. This study highlights the possibility of ganglioneuroma occurring in younger children and the role of imaging in assessing ganglioneuroma as a posterior mediastinal tumor.

• Child
• Computed tomography scan
• Ganglioneuroma
• Neurogenic tumor
• Posterior mediastinum

The indications for surgical resection concerning multiple bilateral neurofibromas in the superior mediastinum remain controversial, because vascular injury or development of postoperative Horne syndrome are concerned.

A 60-year-old woman presented with multiple nodules in her right neck and bilateral chest cavity tops which indicated neurofibromatosis. The thoracic masses grew slowly over 9 years, and she then underwent a 2-stage resection starting with the left to right side. Bilateral tumors were completely removed via video-assisted thoracic surgery. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, without postoperative Horner syndrome.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple bilateral superior mediastinal neurofibromas resected from the pulmonary apices via thoracoscopy. We selected a minimally invasive pure video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach and enucleated some tumors to avoid nerve injury. This approach may be safe and useful for multiple neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis.

• Bilateral multiple neurofibromas
• Neurofibromatosis
• Superior mediastinum tumors
• VATS

• Case report
• Fenestration
• Mediastinal cysts
• Mini-VATS
• Spring water cysts

• Computed tomography
• Follow-up
• Histological analysis
• Immunohistochemistry
• Mediastinum
• Neurogenic markers
• Schwannoma
• Treatment

• cavernous hemangioma
• mediastinal tumor
• middle mediastinum

A schwannoma is a tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath. They are the most common benign tumor; presenting at any age, and at any site of the body and also one of the most common posterior mediastinal tumors. Posterior mediastinal schwannoma is usually identified incidentally in chest radiographs and with follow-up imaging such as CT scan. Large posterior mediastinal schwannoma usually presents with local symptoms. To confirm diagnosis and obtain local control, surgical excision is the usual approach.

Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with chronic low back pain. The lesion was picked up on an ultrasound scan to look at her kidneys. She was not experiencing any neurological symptoms. Excision of the tumor was made through a right thoracoabdominal approach. A WHO Grade 1 tumor was diagnosed on histology. There were no signs of recurrence in the follow-up scans.

Giant posterior mediastinal schwanommas are very rare with only one other reported case requiring a thoracoabdominal approach for excision. Though giant schwanommas raise concern for malignancy due to their large size, they generally turn out to be benign

• Excision
• Posterior mediastinal
• Schwannoma
• Thoracoabdominal

• Hamartoma
• Lung
• Pathology
• Radiology

• laminectomy
• mediastinum
• neurogenic tumors
• thoracoscopy

• CT
• Compartments
• ITMIG
• MR imaging
• Mediastinum
• PET/CT

• Mediastinum
• Neurogenic tumours
• Thoracoscopy
• Thoracotomy

• Schwannoma
• anterolateral thoracotomy
• dumbbell tumor
• giant neurogenic tumors

• Humans
• Neurilemmoma/diagnostic imaging
• Neurilemmoma/surgery
• Radiography
• Spine
• Thoracotomy
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Neurogenic tumor arising within the pulmonary sequestration (PS) is rare.

A 42-year-old asymptomatic female was referred to our hospital for work-up of extralobar PS. The independent feeding artery from the thoracic aorta was confirmed by three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA). Uniportal thoracoscopic resection of the sequestrated lung with mediastinal lymph node sampling was performed successfully. Ganglioneurofibroma within the PS was diagnosed as the specimen revealed positive expression of SRY-related HMG-box 10 protein, neuron-specific enolase, S-100, chromogranin A and synuclein. Tumor recurrence was not recorded 1 year after the surgery.

Preoperative 3D-CTA is useful to identify the aberrant vessels of PS. An elaborate diagnostic work-up after a timely resection is necessary for subsequent management and follow-up plan.

• Pulmonary sequestration (PS)
• Single port
• Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA)
• Uniportal
• Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

• Malignancy
• Mediastinal tumor
• Sternotomy
• Thoracotomy
• Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

• Anterior mediastinal mass
• fluorodeoxyglucose
• maximum standardized uptake value
• metabolic tumor volume
• positron emission tomography/computed tomography
• thymic epithelial neoplasm

This case illustrates a novel percutaneous treatment of a highly vascular thoracic tumor impinging on the left atrium and right pulmonary artery by delivery of coils and alcohol ablation via a circumflex coronary artery feeder branch. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

• Schwannoma
• endobronchial ultrasound
• lymph node

• ependymoma
• immunohistochemistry
• mediastinal neoplasm
• metastasis

• Adult
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Ependymoma/diagnosis
• Ependymoma/diagnostic imaging
• Ependymoma/therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Mediastinal Neoplasms/therapy
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed

• neurooncology
• surgical oncology

• Adolescent
• Child
• MR imaging
• Mediastinal masses
• Mediastinum
• Pediatric

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for mediastinal cysts has been used with increasing frequency. Both single-port VATS and three-port VATS procedures are used for mediastinal cystectomy. Few studies have been published to compare three-port VATS and single-port VATS procedures in mediastinal cystectomy.

Forty-five patients with mediastinal cysts who underwent single-port procedures (n = 23) or three-port procedures (n = 22) in our department from January 2016 to July 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The perioperative conditions and pathological findings were analysed.

The single-port group showed shorter operation times [45 (35–60) vs 55 (45–80) min, p = 0.013], less retention time of the thoracic drainage tube [27(24–48) vs 48(48–70) p < 0.001)], shorter postoperative hospital stays [5(4–6) vs 7(5–7), p = 0.011] and less costs [2.0)1.2–2.5) vs 2.5(1.9–3.5), p = 0.032] than those of the three-port group. No difference was found in case conversions to open procedures (p > 0.99) or second operations (p > 0.99). Logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical method (p = 0.426) and surgeon experience (p = 0.719) were not independent prognostic factors for the success of surgery.

The single-port VATS procedure was not inferior to the three-port VATS procedure for mediastinal cystectomy. The single-port VATS procedure is a feasible choice for mediastinal cystectomy.

• Mediastinal cystectomy
• Single-port
• VATS

• Adult
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
• Branchioma/congenital
• Branchioma/diagnostic imaging
• Branchioma/drug therapy
• Branchioma/surgery
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Cutaneous Fistula/congenital
• Cutaneous Fistula/diagnostic imaging
• Cutaneous Fistula/drug therapy
• Cutaneous Fistula/surgery
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/congenital
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Thyroglossal Cyst/congenital
• Thyroglossal Cyst/diagnostic imaging
• Thyroglossal Cyst/drug therapy
• Thyroglossal Cyst/surgery